{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/851840",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/851840",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/851840",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "851840",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 166,
    "current_lane_count": 115,
    "active_market_count": 115,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 34426542.49231157,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 33960278.63543193,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 33996001.35911279,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 28028812.331725705,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 18385381.019820265,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 12.5098601145742,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 23.4184930242781,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 18.079266872971257,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 11612163.558201833,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 65185584.81391042,
    "historical_peak_year": 2023,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -5.569406758397056,
    "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
    "top_market_iso3": "GBR",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 11599920.144912748,
    "top_market_share_pct": 33.69469980176877,
    "destination_hhi": 1946.983463963974,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 10.345158092443175,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 0.8109543723959846,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.77416066621631,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 96.18336346538932,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 18.072289156626507,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 851840,
      "hs_description": "Amplifiers: audio-frequency electric",
      "hs_chapter": 85,
      "hs_heading": 8518,
      "substitution_elasticity": -4.9376631,
      "price_range_label": "Low price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Amplifiers: audio-frequency electric",
    "hs_chapter": 85,
    "hs_heading": 8518,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 851840,
        "corridor_rank": 67,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "GBR",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 11599920.144912748,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 2059818.9541759582,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 13825446.784713933,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 11051328.491672987,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 5748263.933475268,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.43482388511018044,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 53.522020174371306,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 57.84480025280916,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 15160017.578847041,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 165991789.64960834,
        "historical_peak_year": 2022,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -57.409976367698974,
        "trend_label": "Stable",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -0.3397,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 3.5415,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 6.988249340162538,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -1.8473749266907387,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 26.204428918425066,
        "peer_top_exporter": "MAR",
        "supplier_count_latest": 78,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1390.96,
        "distance_km": 1263.3787841796875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 2.1597303910090258,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.9992492690588,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 851840,
        "corridor_rank": 88,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "SVK",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 26,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 9266816.821535805,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1015119.9736640516,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 7150405.429451701,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 5213696.372379147,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 2623194.395887227,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 61.276236405834574,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 255.29089558542077,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 94.78485691037335,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 9266816.821535805,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 36568770.452317245,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 56,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -33.508620504538776,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -2.9126,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 33.2824,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 25.340794089916134,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 5.068800611674249,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 28.937026322219133,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 52,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2165.05,
        "distance_km": 1865.66357421875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.02287628029761905,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.02287628029761905,
        "volatility_cv": 2.356474245974074,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.90084876814804,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 851840,
      "num_markets": 138,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "IDN",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 2158759.2592592593,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "NGA",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 347.20992028343665,
      "median_price_across_markets": 70857.14285714286,
      "price_spread_pct": 3046.146037373555,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 3.39667142857143,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 101690212
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 8364389.354395807,
        "active_destinations": 102,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 48.91692535848454
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 6432486.209545009,
        "active_destinations": 108,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -23.096762513039987
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 5987081.610995424,
        "active_destinations": 117,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -6.924299315071362
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 5114489.9493158,
        "active_destinations": 114,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -14.574574364863965
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 6445175.749161084,
        "active_destinations": 112,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 26.017957079440514
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 5587365.519144359,
        "active_destinations": 110,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -13.309338075511429
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 6597946.542035193,
        "active_destinations": 113,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 18.086896578149645
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 8717317.005921142,
        "active_destinations": 119,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 32.12166770954484
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 10947519.275694286,
        "active_destinations": 118,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 25.58358573237963
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 11859600.19677914,
        "active_destinations": 112,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 8.331393607224403
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 14310938.770041008,
        "active_destinations": 115,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 20.669656081050768
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 23845118.811249126,
        "active_destinations": 118,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 66.62162555797727
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 31888430.27678098,
        "active_destinations": 112,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 33.73147992761252
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 36139295.16512548,
        "active_destinations": 119,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 13.330430038256525
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 33960278.63543193,
        "active_destinations": 115,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -6.029493712418354
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "851840",
    "hs_description": "Amplifiers: audio-frequency electric",
    "hs_chapter": 85,
    "hs_heading": 8518
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 851840,
      "corridor_rank": 67,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "GBR",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 11599920.144912748,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 2059818.9541759582,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 13825446.784713933,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 11051328.491672987,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 5748263.933475268,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.43482388511018044,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 53.522020174371306,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 57.84480025280916,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 15160017.578847041,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 165991789.64960834,
      "historical_peak_year": 2022,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -57.409976367698974,
      "trend_label": "Stable",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -0.3397,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 3.5415,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 6.988249340162538,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -1.8473749266907387,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 26.204428918425066,
      "peer_top_exporter": "MAR",
      "supplier_count_latest": 78,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1390.96,
      "distance_km": 1263.3787841796875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 2.1597303910090258,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.9992492690588,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 851840,
      "corridor_rank": 88,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "SVK",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 26,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 9266816.821535805,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1015119.9736640516,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 7150405.429451701,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 5213696.372379147,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 2623194.395887227,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 61.276236405834574,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 255.29089558542077,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 94.78485691037335,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 9266816.821535805,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 36568770.452317245,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 56,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -33.508620504538776,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -2.9126,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 33.2824,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 25.340794089916134,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 5.068800611674249,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 28.937026322219133,
      "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
      "supplier_count_latest": 52,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 2165.05,
      "distance_km": 1865.66357421875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.02287628029761905,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.02287628029761905,
      "volatility_cv": 2.356474245974074,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.90084876814804,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 851840,
    "num_markets": 138,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "IDN",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 2158759.2592592593,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "NGA",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 347.20992028343665,
    "median_price_across_markets": 70857.14285714286,
    "price_spread_pct": 3046.146037373555,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 3.39667142857143,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 101690212
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 8364389.354395807,
      "active_destinations": 102,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 48.91692535848454
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 6432486.209545009,
      "active_destinations": 108,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -23.096762513039987
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 5987081.610995424,
      "active_destinations": 117,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -6.924299315071362
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 5114489.9493158,
      "active_destinations": 114,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -14.574574364863965
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 6445175.749161084,
      "active_destinations": 112,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 26.017957079440514
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 5587365.519144359,
      "active_destinations": 110,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -13.309338075511429
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 6597946.542035193,
      "active_destinations": 113,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 18.086896578149645
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 8717317.005921142,
      "active_destinations": 119,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 32.12166770954484
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 10947519.275694286,
      "active_destinations": 118,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 25.58358573237963
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 11859600.19677914,
      "active_destinations": 112,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 8.331393607224403
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 14310938.770041008,
      "active_destinations": 115,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 20.669656081050768
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 23845118.811249126,
      "active_destinations": 118,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 66.62162555797727
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 31888430.27678098,
      "active_destinations": 112,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 33.73147992761252
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 36139295.16512548,
      "active_destinations": 119,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 13.330430038256525
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 33960278.63543193,
      "active_destinations": 115,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -6.029493712418354
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}