{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/851590",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/851590",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/851590",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "851590",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 165,
    "current_lane_count": 115,
    "active_market_count": 115,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 68696931.46181144,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 68102682.76474772,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 79614287.75342442,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 74776405.60238646,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 65432210.51936076,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -2.5357799844471174,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -0.5496577005732028,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 1.7476322377041553,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 40618846.7528117,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 168633913.57133,
    "historical_peak_year": 2023,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -4.283412222151273,
    "trend_label": "Stable",
    "top_market_iso3": "DEU",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 22735658.78372043,
    "top_market_share_pct": 33.09559582928265,
    "destination_hhi": 1456.6989021004258,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 9.496131837869253,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": -0.5788593443080443,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.9543674697442794,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 86.2515197364377,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 18.78787878787879,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 851590,
      "hs_description": "Welding, brazing or soldering machines: parts of the machines of heading no. 8515",
      "hs_chapter": 85,
      "hs_heading": 8515,
      "substitution_elasticity": -3.0247707,
      "price_range_label": "High price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Welding, brazing or soldering machines: parts of the machines of heading no. 8515",
    "hs_chapter": 85,
    "hs_heading": 8515,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 851590,
        "corridor_rank": 24,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "DEU",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 22735658.78372043,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 8067859.2760031875,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 22736344.571358632,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 19315098.00017934,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 15526894.07994188,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 7.603591106587482,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 11.717630599888107,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 13.395422910620102,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 30796788.48026832,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 238558722.91479903,
        "historical_peak_year": 2023,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -5.79183180403262,
        "trend_label": "Growing",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -13.1792,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 3.8774,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 9.530424419584287,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -1.6777227592201989,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 15.293362805481129,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHE",
        "supplier_count_latest": 82,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 807.39,
        "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.8489220816329448,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 89.09358310326073,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 851590,
      "num_markets": 140,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "ECU",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 11470500,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "JOR",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 115.7517209463759,
      "median_price_across_markets": 70025,
      "price_spread_pct": 16380.413064304254,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 15.352083484573498,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 368008404
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 26107490.665994536,
        "active_destinations": 103,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -7.38397873133303
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 29155088.626316156,
        "active_destinations": 104,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 11.67327032425667
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 43146205.27876626,
        "active_destinations": 111,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 47.98859242643959
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 59335382.5562169,
        "active_destinations": 110,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 37.52167119414763
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 57269198.4395732,
        "active_destinations": 121,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -3.4822125140696825
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 38772105.18457422,
        "active_destinations": 121,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -32.29850209011732
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 51924440.0119747,
        "active_destinations": 114,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 33.92215812060997
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 63969555.33842847,
        "active_destinations": 109,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 23.19739090816569
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 55768372.31576078,
        "active_destinations": 119,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -12.820447131888987
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 70005604.33093697,
        "active_destinations": 115,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 25.529222790589834
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 61481389.485865384,
        "active_destinations": 112,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -12.176474907316173
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 73557775.2657937,
        "active_destinations": 121,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 19.642343611483735
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 76220044.81462589,
        "active_destinations": 124,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 3.6192904682235794
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 94520135.68089962,
        "active_destinations": 118,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 24.00955143857659
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 68102682.76474777,
        "active_destinations": 115,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -27.94902136549749
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "851590",
    "hs_description": "Welding, brazing or soldering machines: parts of the machines of heading no. 8515",
    "hs_chapter": 85,
    "hs_heading": 8515
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 851590,
      "corridor_rank": 24,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 22735658.78372043,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 8067859.2760031875,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 22736344.571358632,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 19315098.00017934,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 15526894.07994188,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 7.603591106587482,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 11.717630599888107,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 13.395422910620102,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 30796788.48026832,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 238558722.91479903,
      "historical_peak_year": 2023,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -5.79183180403262,
      "trend_label": "Growing",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -13.1792,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 3.8774,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 9.530424419584287,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -1.6777227592201989,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 15.293362805481129,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CHE",
      "supplier_count_latest": 82,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 807.39,
      "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.8489220816329448,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 89.09358310326073,
      "attention_level": "Stable",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 851590,
    "num_markets": 140,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "ECU",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 11470500,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "JOR",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 115.7517209463759,
    "median_price_across_markets": 70025,
    "price_spread_pct": 16380.413064304254,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 15.352083484573498,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 368008404
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 26107490.665994536,
      "active_destinations": 103,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -7.38397873133303
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 29155088.626316156,
      "active_destinations": 104,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 11.67327032425667
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 43146205.27876626,
      "active_destinations": 111,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 47.98859242643959
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 59335382.5562169,
      "active_destinations": 110,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 37.52167119414763
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 57269198.4395732,
      "active_destinations": 121,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -3.4822125140696825
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 38772105.18457422,
      "active_destinations": 121,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -32.29850209011732
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 51924440.0119747,
      "active_destinations": 114,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 33.92215812060997
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 63969555.33842847,
      "active_destinations": 109,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 23.19739090816569
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 55768372.31576078,
      "active_destinations": 119,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -12.820447131888987
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 70005604.33093697,
      "active_destinations": 115,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 25.529222790589834
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 61481389.485865384,
      "active_destinations": 112,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -12.176474907316173
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 73557775.2657937,
      "active_destinations": 121,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 19.642343611483735
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 76220044.81462589,
      "active_destinations": 124,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 3.6192904682235794
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 94520135.68089962,
      "active_destinations": 118,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 24.00955143857659
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 68102682.76474777,
      "active_destinations": 115,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -27.94902136549749
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}