{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/850730",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/850730",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/850730",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "850730",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 154,
    "current_lane_count": 79,
    "active_market_count": 79,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 10420954.09609944,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 8044642.200848666,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 5996060.920044258,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 5278103.098780953,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 5571212.12006897,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 19.45611867615522,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 14.750673070305398,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 7.019994173283872,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 7713909.2734944,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 42802844.083508246,
    "historical_peak_year": 1997,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 12.436124502871348,
    "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
    "top_market_iso3": "PRT",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 3492967.175456485,
    "top_market_share_pct": 33.51868881913511,
    "destination_hhi": 1427.3233404180037,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 38.01726952125345,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 21.56782739041462,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.1160060800874698,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 87.91274319807361,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 29.22077922077922,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 850730,
      "hs_description": "Electric accumulators: nickel-cadmium, including separators, whether or not rectangular (including square)",
      "hs_chapter": 85,
      "hs_heading": 8507,
      "substitution_elasticity": -6.9167914,
      "price_range_label": "Unclassified",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Electric accumulators: nickel-cadmium, including separators, whether or not rectangular (including square)",
    "hs_chapter": 85,
    "hs_heading": 8507,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 850730,
        "corridor_rank": 90,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "FRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1498277.8889676845,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 252614.52307093644,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 760011.182367779,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 571829.3139144029,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 321371.02431440644,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 42.32336352287398,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 104.13394435078969,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 37.05224899583042,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1498277.8889676845,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 24718212.702850427,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 5.271114527043565,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 22.5168,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": -2.3534,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 41.3793,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 6.06143294816339,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 4.023981289196944,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 26.332964638143526,
        "peer_top_exporter": "USA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 60,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1627.32,
        "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.16041986127157,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 94.27972960933893,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 850730,
      "num_markets": 116,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "SGP",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 65735000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "CUB",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 268.65671641791045,
      "median_price_across_markets": 27333.333333333332,
      "price_spread_pct": 240492.91954859847,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 4.728887978142074,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 25901322
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 5168339.789969931,
        "active_destinations": 78,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 48.91152520598237
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 6548102.377075058,
        "active_destinations": 72,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 26.696437215347142
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 4910774.684847476,
        "active_destinations": 80,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -25.004613519175805
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 6332780.885082308,
        "active_destinations": 69,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 28.956861014668977
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 4081854.3398763593,
        "active_destinations": 77,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -35.544045910514605
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 5216572.95271209,
        "active_destinations": 76,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 27.799096154668305
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 7237976.056980163,
        "active_destinations": 85,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 38.74963740739307
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 6154739.467527545,
        "active_destinations": 80,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -14.96601509765932
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 6669067.883136167,
        "active_destinations": 77,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 8.356623677122696
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 4043249.346428956,
        "active_destinations": 72,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -39.37309655142399
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 3682989.8324432587,
        "active_destinations": 73,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -8.910148326713575
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 4719342.901328735,
        "active_destinations": 77,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 28.138906595839558
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 5073028.999478485,
        "active_destinations": 78,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 7.494392875121868
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 4870511.559805622,
        "active_destinations": 80,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -3.992041829322919
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 8044642.200848666,
        "active_destinations": 79,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 65.17037485831818
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "850730",
    "hs_description": "Electric accumulators: nickel-cadmium, including separators, whether or not rectangular (including square)",
    "hs_chapter": 85,
    "hs_heading": 8507
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 850730,
      "corridor_rank": 90,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "FRA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1498277.8889676845,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 252614.52307093644,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 760011.182367779,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 571829.3139144029,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 321371.02431440644,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 42.32336352287398,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 104.13394435078969,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 37.05224899583042,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1498277.8889676845,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 24718212.702850427,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 5.271114527043565,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 22.5168,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": -2.3534,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 41.3793,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 6.06143294816339,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 4.023981289196944,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 26.332964638143526,
      "peer_top_exporter": "USA",
      "supplier_count_latest": 60,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1627.32,
      "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 1.16041986127157,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 94.27972960933893,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 850730,
    "num_markets": 116,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "SGP",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 65735000,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "CUB",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 268.65671641791045,
    "median_price_across_markets": 27333.333333333332,
    "price_spread_pct": 240492.91954859847,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 4.728887978142074,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 25901322
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 5168339.789969931,
      "active_destinations": 78,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 48.91152520598237
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 6548102.377075058,
      "active_destinations": 72,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 26.696437215347142
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 4910774.684847476,
      "active_destinations": 80,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -25.004613519175805
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 6332780.885082308,
      "active_destinations": 69,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 28.956861014668977
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 4081854.3398763593,
      "active_destinations": 77,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -35.544045910514605
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 5216572.95271209,
      "active_destinations": 76,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 27.799096154668305
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 7237976.056980163,
      "active_destinations": 85,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 38.74963740739307
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 6154739.467527545,
      "active_destinations": 80,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -14.96601509765932
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 6669067.883136167,
      "active_destinations": 77,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 8.356623677122696
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 4043249.346428956,
      "active_destinations": 72,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -39.37309655142399
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 3682989.8324432587,
      "active_destinations": 73,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -8.910148326713575
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 4719342.901328735,
      "active_destinations": 77,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 28.138906595839558
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 5073028.999478485,
      "active_destinations": 78,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 7.494392875121868
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 4870511.559805622,
      "active_destinations": 80,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -3.992041829322919
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 8044642.200848666,
      "active_destinations": 79,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 65.17037485831818
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}