{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/850690",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/850690",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/850690",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "850690",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 142,
    "current_lane_count": 60,
    "active_market_count": 60,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 5861502.575082509,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 4041578.611252642,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 6315027.708198276,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 5590281.446267925,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 5336834.770427646,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.2177846822223115,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -19.962285773777634,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 15.428774259813437,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 3736110.0820436496,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 27822162.614544827,
    "historical_peak_year": 2019,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 44.827586206896555,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -14.210989577591125,
    "trend_label": "Stable",
    "top_market_iso3": "DEU",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 1421995.0426546,
    "top_market_share_pct": 24.259906473462284,
    "destination_hhi": 1220.1776498043696,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 33.170862556324096,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 22.141660465663314,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.9948727363589116,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 92.09452974640668,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 39.436619718309856,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 850690,
      "hs_description": "Cells and batteries: primary, parts thereof",
      "hs_chapter": 85,
      "hs_heading": 8506,
      "substitution_elasticity": -10.148719,
      "price_range_label": "Unclassified",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Cells and batteries: primary, parts thereof",
    "hs_chapter": 85,
    "hs_heading": 8506,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 850690,
        "corridor_rank": 39,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "DEU",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1421995.0426546,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 472627.6189152003,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 528733.1329133668,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 321789.4668859413,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 161759.6547942544,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 470.35858886410057,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 425.9422309716014,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 72.37159153807733,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 4830359.0423155315,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 24608915.25557607,
        "historical_peak_year": 2010,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 44.827586206896555,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 397.98699732602324,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -27.6652,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 7.7705,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 5.778373519866519,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 5.614340348350813,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 32.53474365216994,
        "peer_top_exporter": "JPN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 49,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1810.68,
        "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.9682108805587688,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.99268476221057,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 850690,
      "num_markets": 96,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 48386500,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "NAM",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 194.2857142857143,
      "median_price_across_markets": 23660.447761194027,
      "price_spread_pct": 204502.91643949808,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 11.110284046692604,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 39190306
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 5966175.2048325045,
        "active_destinations": 41,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 298.65471533369316
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 1682357.9227343793,
        "active_destinations": 47,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -71.80173452882013
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 1988471.3452654537,
        "active_destinations": 60,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 18.195499209439358
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 1567614.7301505883,
        "active_destinations": 54,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -21.164831774766284
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 962520.9510201196,
        "active_destinations": 64,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -38.59964872059745
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 1830755.9196717932,
        "active_destinations": 75,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 90.20426700649811
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 1559699.4629808078,
        "active_destinations": 58,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -14.805712426131542
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 2814714.0238911556,
        "active_destinations": 63,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 80.46515310788376
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 6906883.656177604,
        "active_destinations": 53,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 145.3849164622875
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 12304887.410215477,
        "active_destinations": 54,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 78.15396961565772
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 5108874.154663825,
        "active_destinations": 56,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -58.4809353848906
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 3897449.9520809716,
        "active_destinations": 56,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -23.712155866610267
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 10837829.860580256,
        "active_destinations": 54,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 178.0748949654529
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 4065674.652761934,
        "active_destinations": 58,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -62.486266115417145
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 4041578.611252642,
        "active_destinations": 60,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -0.5926701855723484
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "850690",
    "hs_description": "Cells and batteries: primary, parts thereof",
    "hs_chapter": 85,
    "hs_heading": 8506
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 850690,
      "corridor_rank": 39,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1421995.0426546,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 472627.6189152003,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 528733.1329133668,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 321789.4668859413,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 161759.6547942544,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 470.35858886410057,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 425.9422309716014,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 72.37159153807733,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 4830359.0423155315,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 24608915.25557607,
      "historical_peak_year": 2010,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 44.827586206896555,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 397.98699732602324,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -27.6652,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 7.7705,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 5.778373519866519,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 5.614340348350813,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 32.53474365216994,
      "peer_top_exporter": "JPN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 49,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1810.68,
      "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 1.9682108805587688,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.99268476221057,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 850690,
    "num_markets": 96,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "SAU",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 48386500,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "NAM",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 194.2857142857143,
    "median_price_across_markets": 23660.447761194027,
    "price_spread_pct": 204502.91643949808,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 11.110284046692604,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 39190306
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 5966175.2048325045,
      "active_destinations": 41,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 298.65471533369316
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 1682357.9227343793,
      "active_destinations": 47,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -71.80173452882013
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 1988471.3452654537,
      "active_destinations": 60,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 18.195499209439358
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 1567614.7301505883,
      "active_destinations": 54,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -21.164831774766284
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 962520.9510201196,
      "active_destinations": 64,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -38.59964872059745
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 1830755.9196717932,
      "active_destinations": 75,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 90.20426700649811
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 1559699.4629808078,
      "active_destinations": 58,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -14.805712426131542
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 2814714.0238911556,
      "active_destinations": 63,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 80.46515310788376
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 6906883.656177604,
      "active_destinations": 53,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 145.3849164622875
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 12304887.410215477,
      "active_destinations": 54,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 78.15396961565772
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 5108874.154663825,
      "active_destinations": 56,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -58.4809353848906
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 3897449.9520809716,
      "active_destinations": 56,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -23.712155866610267
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 10837829.860580256,
      "active_destinations": 54,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 178.0748949654529
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 4065674.652761934,
      "active_destinations": 58,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -62.486266115417145
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 4041578.611252642,
      "active_destinations": 60,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -0.5926701855723484
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}