{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/850410",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/850410",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/850410",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "850410",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 169,
    "current_lane_count": 107,
    "active_market_count": 107,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 17043835.356290765,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 16212496.405258298,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 22765410.34578888,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 25357324.82347154,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 28556421.578001153,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -16.58376030068791,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -6.407642942366065,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -12.363719708414212,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 38384481.997758575,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 157549499.8306377,
    "historical_peak_year": 2008,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -4.220040592273698,
    "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
    "top_market_iso3": "CZE",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 6307599.005010456,
    "top_market_share_pct": 37.00809631842849,
    "destination_hhi": 1643.208124253588,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 28.90076918817222,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": -0.2931809800337831,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.1120531963365257,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 89.09945402371147,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 20.71005917159763,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 850410,
      "hs_description": "Discharge lamps or tubes: ballasts therefor",
      "hs_chapter": 85,
      "hs_heading": 8504,
      "substitution_elasticity": -7.965867,
      "price_range_label": "Medium price range",
      "trade_type_label": "Two-way vertical trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Discharge lamps or tubes: ballasts therefor",
    "hs_chapter": 85,
    "hs_heading": 8504,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 850410,
        "corridor_rank": 16,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "CZE",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 6307599.005010456,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 2429269.629807876,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 8644869.798823401,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 7418458.66131424,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 5082150.746949279,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -9.31958097434128,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 13.811716209727255,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 16.300351497679564,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 11538358.341699198,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 11690394.275896205,
        "historical_peak_year": 2022,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -25.619932472020842,
        "trend_label": "Declining",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -25.6315,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 6.8239,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 53.955400101566774,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 2.4993693604769547,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 53.95540010156677,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
        "supplier_count_latest": 39,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3648.74,
        "distance_km": 1776.3475341796875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.026038070801587307,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.026038070801587307,
        "volatility_cv": 1.099723104434071,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 86.5096729705851,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 850410,
        "corridor_rank": 85,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "ITA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1225737.6718290758,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 2007441.547268227,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1280740.9373481032,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 893997.4914995221,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1080790.7406062963,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 52.401194458018786,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 32.34129283377754,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -5.315568564438933,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 10186807.623688174,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 19192594.88181897,
        "historical_peak_year": 2010,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 37.93103448275862,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 57.71676302245772,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -2.4593,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": -0.1848,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 6.386513545337272,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -2.998789711063478,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 35.921893448371534,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 51,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1701.53,
        "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.9646775563061694,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 97.23681197166212,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 850410,
        "corridor_rank": 91,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "MEX",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1105346.1578669297,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 716707.6832021327,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 3538148.6492453874,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 3120077.5659318566,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1989831.6605908566,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 75.2659606147778,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -20.60350883366151,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 28.75166736135033,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 6473437.073256139,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 37860592.34118298,
        "historical_peak_year": 2023,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 46.51429325342747,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -17.8193,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 6.8696,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 2.919516282011745,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -11.131817821888228,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 34.80229368911747,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 98,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2732.18,
        "distance_km": 9073.951171875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.10968114655848483,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.13100950524598787,
        "volatility_cv": 2.170812937863604,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 95.70542614856315,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 850410,
        "corridor_rank": 98,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "GBR",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1026161.8066810766,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 898451.7598824186,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 960202.8044026064,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 939297.2602904305,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 882498.4765463906,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -1.626951587765968,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 5.303668505190395,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -0.302820373347612,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1872010.3184550193,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 26772535.193165626,
        "historical_peak_year": 2007,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -1.324131214418356,
        "trend_label": "Stable",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -12.9239,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": -2.2573,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 41.3793,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 3.832889934693337,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.17604285550316678,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 31.15170278489156,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 64,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1470.28,
        "distance_km": 1263.3787841796875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.457473208621373,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 64.50636801608046,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Buyer demand is declining in both recent and longer-term observations",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['declining_buyer_demand']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 850410,
      "num_markets": 135,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "CMR",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 2697666.6666666665,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "BEL",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 306.7502035326183,
      "median_price_across_markets": 26831.60621761658,
      "price_spread_pct": 10052.920032391326,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 24.163623818525522,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 123326206
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 63018299.917893365,
        "active_destinations": 104,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 18.655612443364035
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 67909671.60469076,
        "active_destinations": 110,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 7.761827426589372
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 59360384.203304864,
        "active_destinations": 118,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -12.589204452573686
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 63987877.07612372,
        "active_destinations": 117,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 7.795591175707424
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 60675104.86852988,
        "active_destinations": 122,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -5.177187240721826
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 47574868.54462728,
        "active_destinations": 120,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -21.59079304813406
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 32624092.35661129,
        "active_destinations": 114,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -31.425785599368535
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 29505314.667535666,
        "active_destinations": 120,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -9.559737800471254
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 26497265.54990768,
        "active_destinations": 116,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -10.19493996767201
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 22576050.54397191,
        "active_destinations": 107,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -14.798564774731751
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 30558648.158782974,
        "active_destinations": 111,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 35.358698366054625
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 27931744.92120809,
        "active_destinations": 111,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -8.596267818934507
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 24585862.01697163,
        "active_destinations": 109,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -11.978782255368483
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 27497872.61513672,
        "active_destinations": 111,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 11.844248520368858
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 16212496.405258298,
        "active_destinations": 107,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -41.04090657422776
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "850410",
    "hs_description": "Discharge lamps or tubes: ballasts therefor",
    "hs_chapter": 85,
    "hs_heading": 8504
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 850410,
      "corridor_rank": 16,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "CZE",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 6307599.005010456,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 2429269.629807876,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 8644869.798823401,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 7418458.66131424,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 5082150.746949279,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -9.31958097434128,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 13.811716209727255,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 16.300351497679564,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 11538358.341699198,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 11690394.275896205,
      "historical_peak_year": 2022,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -25.619932472020842,
      "trend_label": "Declining",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -25.6315,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 6.8239,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 53.955400101566774,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 2.4993693604769547,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 53.95540010156677,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
      "supplier_count_latest": 39,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 3648.74,
      "distance_km": 1776.3475341796875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.026038070801587307,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.026038070801587307,
      "volatility_cv": 1.099723104434071,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 86.5096729705851,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 850410,
      "corridor_rank": 85,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "ITA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1225737.6718290758,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 2007441.547268227,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1280740.9373481032,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 893997.4914995221,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1080790.7406062963,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 52.401194458018786,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 32.34129283377754,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -5.315568564438933,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 10186807.623688174,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 19192594.88181897,
      "historical_peak_year": 2010,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 37.93103448275862,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 57.71676302245772,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -2.4593,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": -0.1848,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 6.386513545337272,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -2.998789711063478,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 35.921893448371534,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 51,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1701.53,
      "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.9646775563061694,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 97.23681197166212,
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      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
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