{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/848410",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/848410",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/848410",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "848410",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 178,
    "current_lane_count": 146,
    "active_market_count": 146,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 41527763.27914187,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 40907573.591522306,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 43292002.744556636,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 42583106.92063467,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 42135919.66795063,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -5.2350854706710415,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 1.2357931673559142,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -0.9274975605046976,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 39658071.617123306,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 130976559.23296355,
    "historical_peak_year": 2006,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -4.307587910166344,
    "trend_label": "Declining",
    "top_market_iso3": "DEU",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 9754723.0222659,
    "top_market_share_pct": 23.489642234513024,
    "destination_hhi": 851.77673062571,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 7.622430128465181,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": -0.945319956070948,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.7740557935961722,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 69.26166368837083,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 9.55056179775281,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 848410,
      "hs_description": "Gaskets and similar joints: of metal sheeting combined with other material or two or more layers of metal",
      "hs_chapter": 84,
      "hs_heading": 8484,
      "substitution_elasticity": -5.8724952,
      "price_range_label": "High price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Gaskets and similar joints: of metal sheeting combined with other material or two or more layers of metal",
    "hs_chapter": 84,
    "hs_heading": 8484,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 848410,
        "corridor_rank": 59,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "DEU",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 9754723.0222659,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 12989641.138849694,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 11923502.270225296,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 11837148.059240228,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 12883594.161417123,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -10.572316968971329,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -2.7451318449889905,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -5.590982901418573,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 23780493.057061113,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 172180986.7051208,
        "historical_peak_year": 2010,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -4.981334067552756,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -1.0355,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 5.7632,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 72.4138,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 5.665389198269583,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -1.803208653748304,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 17.631167540149676,
        "peer_top_exporter": "USA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 79,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 792.1,
        "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.4296243009838862,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 58.98014814554301,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 848410,
      "num_markets": 160,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "ECU",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 2146140.350877193,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "AGO",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 550.1285347043702,
      "median_price_across_markets": 42960,
      "price_spread_pct": 4994.39064791082,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 9.968955777460769,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 217692048
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 50344704.08056867,
        "active_destinations": 134,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 23.984347840801338
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 51376202.87753559,
        "active_destinations": 134,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 2.0488724997095393
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 51486799.314946175,
        "active_destinations": 137,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 0.21526783066123448
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 52289137.16693818,
        "active_destinations": 134,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1.558337015832118
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 44902693.39387887,
        "active_destinations": 144,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -14.12615348667423
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 39020188.68618075,
        "active_destinations": 147,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -13.100560930939666
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 43415068.90998595,
        "active_destinations": 152,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 11.263093213492532
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 42749141.84488458,
        "active_destinations": 151,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -1.533861587279894
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 44788280.724338286,
        "active_destinations": 146,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 4.7700112597645274
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 38470981.910943344,
        "active_destinations": 149,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -14.104803111949046
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 34970979.36976811,
        "active_destinations": 144,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -9.09777283376183
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 48068546.99973534,
        "active_destinations": 150,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 37.452676093166204
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 43881700.31022498,
        "active_destinations": 151,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -8.710158618968476
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 45086734.331922635,
        "active_destinations": 152,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 2.7460969223584697
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 40907573.59152229,
        "active_destinations": 146,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -9.269158217656463
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "848410",
    "hs_description": "Gaskets and similar joints: of metal sheeting combined with other material or two or more layers of metal",
    "hs_chapter": 84,
    "hs_heading": 8484
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 848410,
      "corridor_rank": 59,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 9754723.0222659,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 12989641.138849694,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 11923502.270225296,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 11837148.059240228,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 12883594.161417123,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -10.572316968971329,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -2.7451318449889905,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -5.590982901418573,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 23780493.057061113,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 172180986.7051208,
      "historical_peak_year": 2010,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -4.981334067552756,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -1.0355,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 5.7632,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 72.4138,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 5.665389198269583,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -1.803208653748304,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 17.631167540149676,
      "peer_top_exporter": "USA",
      "supplier_count_latest": 79,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 792.1,
      "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.4296243009838862,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 58.98014814554301,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 848410,
    "num_markets": 160,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "ECU",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 2146140.350877193,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "AGO",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 550.1285347043702,
    "median_price_across_markets": 42960,
    "price_spread_pct": 4994.39064791082,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 9.968955777460769,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 217692048
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 50344704.08056867,
      "active_destinations": 134,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 23.984347840801338
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 51376202.87753559,
      "active_destinations": 134,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 2.0488724997095393
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 51486799.314946175,
      "active_destinations": 137,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 0.21526783066123448
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 52289137.16693818,
      "active_destinations": 134,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1.558337015832118
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 44902693.39387887,
      "active_destinations": 144,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -14.12615348667423
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 39020188.68618075,
      "active_destinations": 147,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -13.100560930939666
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 43415068.90998595,
      "active_destinations": 152,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 11.263093213492532
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 42749141.84488458,
      "active_destinations": 151,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -1.533861587279894
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 44788280.724338286,
      "active_destinations": 146,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 4.7700112597645274
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 38470981.910943344,
      "active_destinations": 149,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -14.104803111949046
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 34970979.36976811,
      "active_destinations": 144,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -9.09777283376183
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 48068546.99973534,
      "active_destinations": 150,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 37.452676093166204
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 43881700.31022498,
      "active_destinations": 151,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -8.710158618968476
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 45086734.331922635,
      "active_destinations": 152,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 2.7460969223584697
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 40907573.59152229,
      "active_destinations": 146,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -9.269158217656463
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}