{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/848210",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/848210",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/848210",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "848210",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 178,
    "current_lane_count": 143,
    "active_market_count": 143,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 103559673.67560895,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 103424218.53126669,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 109178813.71300697,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 110861888.53944667,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 116386958.43568024,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -6.714738124232245,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -4.787512831585117,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -1.0220793840116094,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 104596022.38540956,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 275041453.53146684,
    "historical_peak_year": 2012,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -5.692658740220635,
    "trend_label": "Declining",
    "top_market_iso3": "IND",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 17358444.145976715,
    "top_market_share_pct": 16.76177949377325,
    "destination_hhi": 851.8338035026993,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 8.52884216738998,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": -0.4468873256434149,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.0307327694239568,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 75.6199077740863,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 12.92134831460674,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 848210,
      "hs_description": "Ball bearings",
      "hs_chapter": 84,
      "hs_heading": 8482,
      "substitution_elasticity": -6.9276614,
      "price_range_label": "Medium price range",
      "trade_type_label": "Two-way horizontal trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Ball bearings",
    "hs_chapter": 84,
    "hs_heading": 8482,
    "destinations": [],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 848210,
      "num_markets": 153,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "LKA",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 17056666.666666668,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "CIV",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 702.5079790279776,
      "median_price_across_markets": 19796.41453831041,
      "price_spread_pct": 86156.8347423752,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 79.98767579908672,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 582654108
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 118643236.9070554,
        "active_destinations": 133,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 15.952397057693062
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 128936728.10058953,
        "active_destinations": 135,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 8.676003337297693
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 138010017.59997284,
        "active_destinations": 135,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 7.037009262639906
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 121640360.47360544,
        "active_destinations": 129,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -11.86120936076935
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 114614348.84347968,
        "active_destinations": 135,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -5.776052950492797
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 99534914.47125666,
        "active_destinations": 138,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -13.156672375128078
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 120325015.60792014,
        "active_destinations": 137,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 20.887244689065536
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 122457642.53032254,
        "active_destinations": 137,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1.772388652208096
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 135066540.77944028,
        "active_destinations": 136,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 10.29653845083256
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 132176028.27062947,
        "active_destinations": 142,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -2.140065550009858
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 99368978.22936714,
        "active_destinations": 135,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -24.820726171382702
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 127404023.3288452,
        "active_destinations": 135,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 28.21307574962333
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 117292075.26216638,
        "active_destinations": 139,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -7.936914237455955
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 106820147.34558788,
        "active_destinations": 141,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -8.928077956820255
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 103424218.53126663,
        "active_destinations": 143,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -3.1791089028688893
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "848210",
    "hs_description": "Ball bearings",
    "hs_chapter": 84,
    "hs_heading": 8482
  },
  "destinations": [],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 848210,
    "num_markets": 153,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "LKA",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 17056666.666666668,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "CIV",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 702.5079790279776,
    "median_price_across_markets": 19796.41453831041,
    "price_spread_pct": 86156.8347423752,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 79.98767579908672,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 582654108
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 118643236.9070554,
      "active_destinations": 133,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 15.952397057693062
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 128936728.10058953,
      "active_destinations": 135,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 8.676003337297693
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 138010017.59997284,
      "active_destinations": 135,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 7.037009262639906
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 121640360.47360544,
      "active_destinations": 129,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -11.86120936076935
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 114614348.84347968,
      "active_destinations": 135,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -5.776052950492797
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 99534914.47125666,
      "active_destinations": 138,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -13.156672375128078
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 120325015.60792014,
      "active_destinations": 137,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 20.887244689065536
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 122457642.53032254,
      "active_destinations": 137,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1.772388652208096
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 135066540.77944028,
      "active_destinations": 136,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 10.29653845083256
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 132176028.27062947,
      "active_destinations": 142,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -2.140065550009858
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 99368978.22936714,
      "active_destinations": 135,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -24.820726171382702
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 127404023.3288452,
      "active_destinations": 135,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 28.21307574962333
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 117292075.26216638,
      "active_destinations": 139,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -7.936914237455955
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 106820147.34558788,
      "active_destinations": 141,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -8.928077956820255
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 103424218.53126663,
      "active_destinations": 143,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -3.1791089028688893
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}