{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/848110",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/848110",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/848110",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "848110",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 187,
    "current_lane_count": 138,
    "active_market_count": 138,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 33025936.934042707,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 32334834.072524793,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 28728349.56788808,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 29885290.023662012,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 29227128.145629942,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -1.7094387717431103,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 2.2732290120631937,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -0.17628299642834522,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 34857693.73844027,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 159046952.79055235,
    "historical_peak_year": 2011,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -1.533155775314765,
    "trend_label": "Stable",
    "top_market_iso3": "PRT",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 4634998.301149554,
    "top_market_share_pct": 14.034418797584081,
    "destination_hhi": 644.9915755732728,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 6.558370068010132,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": -0.1847949738598429,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.0167868596828091,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 86.64059374466567,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 15.508021390374331,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 848110,
      "hs_description": "Valves: pressure reducing, for pipes, boiler shells, tanks, vats or the like",
      "hs_chapter": 84,
      "hs_heading": 8481,
      "substitution_elasticity": -5.558393,
      "price_range_label": "Low price range",
      "trade_type_label": "Two-way vertical trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Valves: pressure reducing, for pipes, boiler shells, tanks, vats or the like",
    "hs_chapter": 84,
    "hs_heading": 8481,
    "destinations": [],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 848110,
      "num_markets": 163,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "ECU",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 2276746.47887324,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "HUN",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 228.42671865728573,
      "median_price_across_markets": 36966.56534954407,
      "price_spread_pct": 6158.316388413564,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 8.738960960960961,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 134867479
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 27092697.10071657,
        "active_destinations": 132,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -36.176694483984996
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 60687228.202761576,
        "active_destinations": 129,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 123.99847448616134
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 41937078.639950514,
        "active_destinations": 132,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -30.896368343212345
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 56005899.76750568,
        "active_destinations": 131,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 33.547451524562774
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 32910407.961203463,
        "active_destinations": 141,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -41.237605149059846
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 25819140.489978567,
        "active_destinations": 130,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -21.54718798862797
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 29143954.809852835,
        "active_destinations": 143,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 12.877323786842402
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 26743590.68663612,
        "active_destinations": 141,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -8.236233341966384
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 32240610.42866206,
        "active_destinations": 136,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 20.55453138823585
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 28897534.922859743,
        "active_destinations": 139,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -10.369144570632285
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 29189984.18030823,
        "active_destinations": 140,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1.0120214690601221
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 34051417.234337606,
        "active_destinations": 142,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 16.65445593940723
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 26030526.102511317,
        "active_destinations": 142,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -23.555234358169344
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 27819688.52862814,
        "active_destinations": 142,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 6.8733241082830565
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 32334834.07252479,
        "active_destinations": 138,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 16.230036289767554
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "848110",
    "hs_description": "Valves: pressure reducing, for pipes, boiler shells, tanks, vats or the like",
    "hs_chapter": 84,
    "hs_heading": 8481
  },
  "destinations": [],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 848110,
    "num_markets": 163,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "ECU",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 2276746.47887324,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "HUN",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 228.42671865728573,
    "median_price_across_markets": 36966.56534954407,
    "price_spread_pct": 6158.316388413564,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 8.738960960960961,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 134867479
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 27092697.10071657,
      "active_destinations": 132,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -36.176694483984996
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 60687228.202761576,
      "active_destinations": 129,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 123.99847448616134
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 41937078.639950514,
      "active_destinations": 132,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -30.896368343212345
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 56005899.76750568,
      "active_destinations": 131,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 33.547451524562774
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 32910407.961203463,
      "active_destinations": 141,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -41.237605149059846
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 25819140.489978567,
      "active_destinations": 130,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -21.54718798862797
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 29143954.809852835,
      "active_destinations": 143,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 12.877323786842402
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 26743590.68663612,
      "active_destinations": 141,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -8.236233341966384
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 32240610.42866206,
      "active_destinations": 136,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 20.55453138823585
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 28897534.922859743,
      "active_destinations": 139,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -10.369144570632285
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 29189984.18030823,
      "active_destinations": 140,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1.0120214690601221
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 34051417.234337606,
      "active_destinations": 142,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 16.65445593940723
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 26030526.102511317,
      "active_destinations": 142,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -23.555234358169344
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 27819688.52862814,
      "active_destinations": 142,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 6.8733241082830565
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 32334834.07252479,
      "active_destinations": 138,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 16.230036289767554
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}