{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/847190",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/847190",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/847190",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "847190",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 188,
    "current_lane_count": 139,
    "active_market_count": 139,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 77502985.93516701,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 77116911.66763242,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 88760811.946808,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 84998876.1310595,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 70371258.6249148,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -4.618951203713939,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 1.8371994099710909,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -3.6957706782234645,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 59732356.543145,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 338203224.4463822,
    "historical_peak_year": 2014,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 44.827586206896555,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -0.9231805254904746,
    "trend_label": "Declining",
    "top_market_iso3": "PRT",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 23947681.395781882,
    "top_market_share_pct": 30.899043574675506,
    "destination_hhi": 1215.229431110426,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 21.902877523434174,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": -1.3678260295188773,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.0235692182656784,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 89.1238723671258,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 16.48936170212766,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 847190,
      "hs_description": "Magnetic or optical readers, machines for transcribing data onto data media in coded form and machines for processing such data, not elsewhere specified or included",
      "hs_chapter": 84,
      "hs_heading": 8471,
      "substitution_elasticity": -10.458858,
      "price_range_label": "Low price range",
      "trade_type_label": "Two-way vertical trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Magnetic or optical readers, machines for transcribing data onto data media in coded form and machines for processing such data, not elsewhere specified or included",
    "hs_chapter": 84,
    "hs_heading": 8471,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 847190,
        "corridor_rank": 64,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "PRT",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 23947681.395781882,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 11726066.943281779,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 28172061.438359767,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 31113766.476064183,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 20657763.577563554,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -19.725402819929982,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 12.558090639605513,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 12.695792804999684,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 46294464.700864665,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 42969519.65303806,
        "historical_peak_year": 2021,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 44.827586206896555,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -32.421195624929666,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -15.1487,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 7.9542,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 55.7317875302074,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -3.9491959320040237,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 55.73178753020739,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
        "supplier_count_latest": 59,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3380.49,
        "distance_km": 500.9222717285156,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.8597565136606546,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 78.04852280810627,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 847190,
      "num_markets": 172,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "ECU",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 28261166.666666668,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "TGO",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 186.046511627907,
      "median_price_across_markets": 184606.98346022578,
      "price_spread_pct": 15308.727812154499,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 7.352883357041254,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 374428857
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 60870666.8014589,
        "active_destinations": 118,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 110.31183944863126
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 47264931.25292961,
        "active_destinations": 126,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -22.35187531772397
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 46066707.31293364,
        "active_destinations": 131,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -2.53512257022844
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 35598933.65901091,
        "active_destinations": 138,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -22.72307760746731
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 112381811.30918953,
        "active_destinations": 139,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 215.68870120002344
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 32420212.350642346,
        "active_destinations": 148,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -71.15172644668762
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 36535941.46508914,
        "active_destinations": 147,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 12.6949480464006
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 64997099.00728271,
        "active_destinations": 155,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 77.89906705808801
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 74357701.15312034,
        "active_destinations": 141,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 14.401569129706546
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 70407251.61771592,
        "active_destinations": 146,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -5.312764480533753
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 69840273.37210347,
        "active_destinations": 142,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -0.8052838771365901
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 88871671.44277,
        "active_destinations": 147,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 27.249890574266157
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 80487731.36919236,
        "active_destinations": 141,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -9.433759866862168
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 108677792.80359924,
        "active_destinations": 138,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 35.024047708713226
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 77116911.6676324,
        "active_destinations": 139,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -29.040782225862056
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "847190",
    "hs_description": "Magnetic or optical readers, machines for transcribing data onto data media in coded form and machines for processing such data, not elsewhere specified or included",
    "hs_chapter": 84,
    "hs_heading": 8471
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 847190,
      "corridor_rank": 64,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "PRT",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 23947681.395781882,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 11726066.943281779,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 28172061.438359767,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 31113766.476064183,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 20657763.577563554,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -19.725402819929982,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 12.558090639605513,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 12.695792804999684,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 46294464.700864665,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 42969519.65303806,
      "historical_peak_year": 2021,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 44.827586206896555,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -32.421195624929666,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -15.1487,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 7.9542,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 55.7317875302074,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -3.9491959320040237,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 55.73178753020739,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
      "supplier_count_latest": 59,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 3380.49,
      "distance_km": 500.9222717285156,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.8597565136606546,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 78.04852280810627,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 847190,
    "num_markets": 172,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "ECU",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 28261166.666666668,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "TGO",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 186.046511627907,
    "median_price_across_markets": 184606.98346022578,
    "price_spread_pct": 15308.727812154499,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 7.352883357041254,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 374428857
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 60870666.8014589,
      "active_destinations": 118,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 110.31183944863126
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 47264931.25292961,
      "active_destinations": 126,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -22.35187531772397
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 46066707.31293364,
      "active_destinations": 131,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -2.53512257022844
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 35598933.65901091,
      "active_destinations": 138,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -22.72307760746731
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 112381811.30918953,
      "active_destinations": 139,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 215.68870120002344
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 32420212.350642346,
      "active_destinations": 148,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -71.15172644668762
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 36535941.46508914,
      "active_destinations": 147,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 12.6949480464006
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 64997099.00728271,
      "active_destinations": 155,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 77.89906705808801
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 74357701.15312034,
      "active_destinations": 141,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 14.401569129706546
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 70407251.61771592,
      "active_destinations": 146,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -5.312764480533753
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 69840273.37210347,
      "active_destinations": 142,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -0.8052838771365901
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 88871671.44277,
      "active_destinations": 147,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 27.249890574266157
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 80487731.36919236,
      "active_destinations": 141,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -9.433759866862168
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 108677792.80359924,
      "active_destinations": 138,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 35.024047708713226
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 77116911.6676324,
      "active_destinations": 139,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -29.040782225862056
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}