{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/845899",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/845899",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/845899",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "845899",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 134,
    "current_lane_count": 36,
    "active_market_count": 36,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 7138303.069529088,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 1281264.964419177,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 3362523.9635167923,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 3807667.6867084033,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 5595822.14486113,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -33.3145269070095,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -25.837236855858215,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -9.312053785077756,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 10376808.688819261,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 54244309.88765073,
    "historical_peak_year": 2009,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -24.002473121931743,
    "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
    "top_market_iso3": "HKG",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 1645745.4631159496,
    "top_market_share_pct": 23.055135752656113,
    "destination_hhi": 854.5488342862459,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 37.155509926241905,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 26.92642522283022,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.1194346990441761,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 78.31367988018606,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 35.82089552238806,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 98,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 845899,
      "hs_description": "Lathes: for removing metal, other than horizontal or numerically controlled lathes",
      "hs_chapter": 84,
      "hs_heading": 8458,
      "substitution_elasticity": -9.0854082,
      "price_range_label": "Medium price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Lathes: for removing metal, other than horizontal or numerically controlled lathes",
    "hs_chapter": 84,
    "hs_heading": 8458,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 845899,
        "corridor_rank": 65,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "IND",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 29,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 177076.6172830736,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 983213.5883198703,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 134995.61623192238,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 334351.9358262077,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 263802.28351833497,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -47.78368526245254,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 34.541647571508996,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -10.244048301559062,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 10239010.529788407,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 23164762.495079678,
        "historical_peak_year": 2009,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 46.42857142857143,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -37.53963696089348,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -12.2485,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 11.6376,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.7644223303419823,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.7012116579889245,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 14.083748454386125,
        "peer_top_exporter": "JPN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 39,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 939.02,
        "distance_km": 7282.04638671875,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.5323102001373737,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 2.0104216390668816,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.8890835059638,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 845899,
        "corridor_rank": 87,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "RUS",
        "latest_data_year": 2019,
        "lane_data_years": 10,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 93895.2534814786,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 28016.238493782548,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 93895.2534814786,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 57992.76364340894,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 40729.62410453427,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 52.44951855281597,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 22.296615444676824,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 16.233462393964416,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 93895.2534814786,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 12493192.793743156,
        "historical_peak_year": 2019,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 77.77777777777777,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 36.21605615885155,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 39.8602,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 14.3172,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 1.317436965030384,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.7095856251975529,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 89.21374370834944,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 9,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 7992.45,
        "distance_km": 3449.299560546875,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.11425769714942528,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 0.9490483693255017,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 61.57211018074378,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "Medium",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 845899,
      "num_markets": 88,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "MYS",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 1490000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "HUN",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 5.98732096736323,
      "median_price_across_markets": 10457.333333333334,
      "price_spread_pct": 14248.317091792356,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 13.52629017857143,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 32421351
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 4857890.339430222,
        "active_destinations": 52,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -66.57387744236604
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 6457738.19828538,
        "active_destinations": 49,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 32.93297598485525
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 8878237.683541927,
        "active_destinations": 56,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 37.48215568570469
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 7426301.39533171,
        "active_destinations": 59,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -16.35387945179426
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 3405205.170248556,
        "active_destinations": 51,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -54.14668771201339
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 5927927.823529905,
        "active_destinations": 45,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 74.08430702861901
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 9969417.05915259,
        "active_destinations": 49,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 68.17709924841998
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 9876830.243260568,
        "active_destinations": 47,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -0.9287084223948805
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 5434743.670158086,
        "active_destinations": 53,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -44.97481948860596
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 5710964.218968128,
        "active_destinations": 54,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 5.082494512607009
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 4630154.806638914,
        "active_destinations": 46,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -18.925165189084257
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 4320611.736352723,
        "active_destinations": 38,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -6.685371941395026
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 5806331.868586105,
        "active_destinations": 48,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 34.38680036284779
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 2999975.057545094,
        "active_destinations": 40,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -48.33269738204587
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 1281264.9644191775,
        "active_destinations": 36,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -57.29081276203516
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "845899",
    "hs_description": "Lathes: for removing metal, other than horizontal or numerically controlled lathes",
    "hs_chapter": 84,
    "hs_heading": 8458
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 845899,
      "corridor_rank": 65,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "IND",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 29,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 177076.6172830736,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 983213.5883198703,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 134995.61623192238,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 334351.9358262077,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 263802.28351833497,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -47.78368526245254,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 34.541647571508996,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -10.244048301559062,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 10239010.529788407,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 23164762.495079678,
      "historical_peak_year": 2009,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 46.42857142857143,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -37.53963696089348,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -12.2485,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 11.6376,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 0.7644223303419823,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.7012116579889245,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 14.083748454386125,
      "peer_top_exporter": "JPN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 39,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 939.02,
      "distance_km": 7282.04638671875,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.5323102001373737,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 2.0104216390668816,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.8890835059638,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 845899,
      "corridor_rank": 87,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "latest_data_year": 2019,
      "lane_data_years": 10,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 93895.2534814786,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 28016.238493782548,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 93895.2534814786,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 57992.76364340894,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 40729.62410453427,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 52.44951855281597,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 22.296615444676824,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 16.233462393964416,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 93895.2534814786,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 12493192.793743156,
      "historical_peak_year": 2019,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 77.77777777777777,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 36.21605615885155,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 39.8602,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 14.3172,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 1.317436965030384,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.7095856251975529,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 89.21374370834944,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 9,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 7992.45,
      "distance_km": 3449.299560546875,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.11425769714942528,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 0.9490483693255017,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 61.57211018074378,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "Medium",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 845899,
    "num_markets": 88,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "MYS",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 1490000,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "HUN",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 5.98732096736323,
    "median_price_across_markets": 10457.333333333334,
    "price_spread_pct": 14248.317091792356,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 13.52629017857143,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 32421351
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 4857890.339430222,
      "active_destinations": 52,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -66.57387744236604
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 6457738.19828538,
      "active_destinations": 49,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 32.93297598485525
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 8878237.683541927,
      "active_destinations": 56,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 37.48215568570469
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 7426301.39533171,
      "active_destinations": 59,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -16.35387945179426
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 3405205.170248556,
      "active_destinations": 51,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -54.14668771201339
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 5927927.823529905,
      "active_destinations": 45,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 74.08430702861901
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 9969417.05915259,
      "active_destinations": 49,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 68.17709924841998
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 9876830.243260568,
      "active_destinations": 47,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -0.9287084223948805
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 5434743.670158086,
      "active_destinations": 53,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -44.97481948860596
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 5710964.218968128,
      "active_destinations": 54,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 5.082494512607009
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 4630154.806638914,
      "active_destinations": 46,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -18.925165189084257
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 4320611.736352723,
      "active_destinations": 38,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -6.685371941395026
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 5806331.868586105,
      "active_destinations": 48,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 34.38680036284779
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 2999975.057545094,
      "active_destinations": 40,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -48.33269738204587
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 1281264.9644191775,
      "active_destinations": 36,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -57.29081276203516
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}