{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/845710",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/845710",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/845710",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "845710",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 103,
    "current_lane_count": 40,
    "active_market_count": 40,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 154139247.7762667,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 140080034.74614462,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 110396232.66815118,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 96240243.02673164,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 93394574.70983103,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 17.782012573427686,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 10.792353506503073,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 1.7540068827918365,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 90808974.81496651,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 287645779.0728826,
    "historical_peak_year": 2024,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 16.02800569063585,
    "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
    "top_market_iso3": "CHN",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 50831037.99813763,
    "top_market_share_pct": 32.977349203052384,
    "destination_hhi": 1441.8337044954928,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 5.339376687430057,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 2.684137680205988,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.8927858424356043,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 87.5150278871909,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 35.922330097087375,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 845710,
      "hs_description": "Machining centres: for working metal",
      "hs_chapter": 84,
      "hs_heading": 8457,
      "substitution_elasticity": -5.2060113,
      "price_range_label": "Medium price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Machining centres: for working metal",
    "hs_chapter": 84,
    "hs_heading": 8457,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 845710,
        "corridor_rank": 34,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "CHN",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 50831037.99813763,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 17823294.50912905,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 35427724.375703074,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 30804191.858165503,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 28790862.275727034,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 14.029934753297368,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 16.37973255134957,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 1.240596269971861,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 50831037.99813763,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 1605388411.4961054,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 12.789338483325508,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -6.3265,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 12.9862,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 3.1662766240331077,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 1.7973720446213055,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 52.84610438069461,
        "peer_top_exporter": "JPN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 29,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3196.27,
        "distance_km": 9232.298828125,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.30189875567878793,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 0.8884307506832576,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 85.18900892352033,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier','long_distance_without_fta']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 845710,
        "corridor_rank": 73,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "USA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 27,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 22212227.694926377,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 3527643.716342038,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 9161149.01673881,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 8077242.140318448,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 6305961.664828572,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 43.64880774548288,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 30.558299128874644,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 18.479611488505434,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 22212227.694926377,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 1189520103.9078975,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 46.15384615384615,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 25.169196256977443,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -11.794,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 5.8715,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 1.8673268002745946,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 1.6923476445330043,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 37.71589936253154,
        "peer_top_exporter": "JPN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 32,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2621.23,
        "distance_km": 5770.26416015625,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 1.2478868948897883,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.51761135546373,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 845710,
      "num_markets": 70,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "GBR",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 573089.3118594436,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "DNK",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 425.2669039145907,
      "median_price_across_markets": 16714.049814228703,
      "price_spread_pct": 3426.2434976591903,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 112.29474881516589,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 383039109
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 65361810.93505062,
        "active_destinations": 38,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -31.29847062485157
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 96760222.54570083,
        "active_destinations": 41,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 48.03785446191278
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 86468087.03919517,
        "active_destinations": 40,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -10.63674228492456
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 119566366.84907873,
        "active_destinations": 38,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 38.278029436317276
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 117722924.22821671,
        "active_destinations": 45,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -1.541773551745439
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 79266493.79226261,
        "active_destinations": 44,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -32.66690042578519
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 90073690.87460312,
        "active_destinations": 38,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 13.634004186767024
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 91781632.70082617,
        "active_destinations": 44,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1.896160587669014
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 107710090.79151751,
        "active_destinations": 43,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 17.354733863377835
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 83912623.8054429,
        "active_destinations": 44,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -22.09399956048383
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 64281233.18516062,
        "active_destinations": 45,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -23.395038469776594
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 85731283.94404393,
        "active_destinations": 44,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 33.369071649725406
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 93063106.0372683,
        "active_destinations": 40,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 8.552096452923507
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 98045557.22104064,
        "active_destinations": 43,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 5.3538414909309555
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 140080034.74614462,
        "active_destinations": 40,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 42.87239393248444
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "845710",
    "hs_description": "Machining centres: for working metal",
    "hs_chapter": 84,
    "hs_heading": 8457
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 845710,
      "corridor_rank": 34,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "CHN",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 50831037.99813763,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 17823294.50912905,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 35427724.375703074,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 30804191.858165503,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 28790862.275727034,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 14.029934753297368,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 16.37973255134957,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 1.240596269971861,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 50831037.99813763,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 1605388411.4961054,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 12.789338483325508,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -6.3265,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 12.9862,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 3.1662766240331077,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 1.7973720446213055,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 52.84610438069461,
      "peer_top_exporter": "JPN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 29,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 3196.27,
      "distance_km": 9232.298828125,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.30189875567878793,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 0.8884307506832576,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 85.18900892352033,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier','long_distance_without_fta']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 845710,
      "corridor_rank": 73,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 27,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 22212227.694926377,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 3527643.716342038,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 9161149.01673881,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 8077242.140318448,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 6305961.664828572,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 43.64880774548288,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 30.558299128874644,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 18.479611488505434,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 22212227.694926377,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 1189520103.9078975,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 46.15384615384615,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 25.169196256977443,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -11.794,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 5.8715,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 1.8673268002745946,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 1.6923476445330043,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 37.71589936253154,
      "peer_top_exporter": "JPN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 32,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 2621.23,
      "distance_km": 5770.26416015625,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 1.2478868948897883,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.51761135546373,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 845710,
    "num_markets": 70,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "GBR",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 573089.3118594436,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "DNK",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 425.2669039145907,
    "median_price_across_markets": 16714.049814228703,
    "price_spread_pct": 3426.2434976591903,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 112.29474881516589,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 383039109
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 65361810.93505062,
      "active_destinations": 38,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -31.29847062485157
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 96760222.54570083,
      "active_destinations": 41,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 48.03785446191278
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 86468087.03919517,
      "active_destinations": 40,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -10.63674228492456
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 119566366.84907873,
      "active_destinations": 38,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 38.278029436317276
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 117722924.22821671,
      "active_destinations": 45,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -1.541773551745439
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 79266493.79226261,
      "active_destinations": 44,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -32.66690042578519
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 90073690.87460312,
      "active_destinations": 38,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 13.634004186767024
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 91781632.70082617,
      "active_destinations": 44,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1.896160587669014
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 107710090.79151751,
      "active_destinations": 43,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 17.354733863377835
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 83912623.8054429,
      "active_destinations": 44,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -22.09399956048383
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 64281233.18516062,
      "active_destinations": 45,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -23.395038469776594
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 85731283.94404393,
      "active_destinations": 44,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 33.369071649725406
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 93063106.0372683,
      "active_destinations": 40,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 8.552096452923507
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 98045557.22104064,
      "active_destinations": 43,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 5.3538414909309555
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 140080034.74614462,
      "active_destinations": 40,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 42.87239393248444
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}