{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/845430",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/845430",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/845430",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "845430",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 94,
    "current_lane_count": 28,
    "active_market_count": 28,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 21710960.52578552,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 11293189.765681697,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 9440350.73505971,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 8114652.116676325,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 9868447.734746411,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 13.134462120974465,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 8.840257234625115,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 1.0363052815698603,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 31855656.533460647,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 124101106.83440416,
    "historical_peak_year": 1996,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 41.37931034482759,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 12.098156839404606,
    "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
    "top_market_iso3": "KAZ",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 4782019.040116261,
    "top_market_share_pct": 22.02582900206919,
    "destination_hhi": 1044.212859858164,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 36.25318442830022,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 24.209412327028872,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.6474290588480972,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 37.97891623198401,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 50,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 94,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 845430,
      "hs_description": "Casting machines: of a kind used in metallurgy or in metal foundries",
      "hs_chapter": 84,
      "hs_heading": 8454,
      "substitution_elasticity": -16.557386,
      "price_range_label": "Low price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Casting machines: of a kind used in metallurgy or in metal foundries",
    "hs_chapter": 84,
    "hs_heading": 8454,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 845430,
        "corridor_rank": 58,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "KAZ",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 1,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 4782019.040116261,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 4782019.040116261,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 4782019.040116261,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 4782019.040116261,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 4782019.040116261,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": null,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": null,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": null,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 4782019.040116261,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 14161191.756140478,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": null,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": null,
        "trend_label": "Insufficient history",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 160.5684,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 554.3438,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 41.3793,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 33.7684788290697,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 33.7684788290697,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 36.62195965147282,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 8,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2681.24,
        "distance_km": 6423.357421875,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.08811168753409962,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 0,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 0,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','limited_history']",
        "signal_flag": "Declining",
        "confidence_label": "Low",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 845430,
        "corridor_rank": 90,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "TUR",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 16,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1833798.9384624215,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 480370.05288889934,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1097093.2493951556,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1262687.651392173,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 999395.07888813,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -13.624871193413723,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 182.27939934013423,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 17.75580655273792,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 2845676.9291807585,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 34331594.450657934,
        "historical_peak_year": 2021,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 53.333333333333336,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -31.38067774615164,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -50.6294,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 25.9798,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 48.2759,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 5.34143248458208,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 4.777058668790308,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 42.718679070149335,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 20,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2707.54,
        "distance_km": 2740.029052734375,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.07943356052620201,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.07065853177226666,
        "volatility_cv": 1.59771054840217,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 98.90613428788708,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 845430,
      "num_markets": 40,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "NOR",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 1824000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "USA",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 438.21301566217454,
      "median_price_across_markets": 17999.592460519612,
      "price_spread_pct": 10131.128196286369,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 41.162608695652175,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 42614534
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 16447213.986007536,
        "active_destinations": 29,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 120.78516074914083
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 21462789.28886165,
        "active_destinations": 30,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 30.494984178603836
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 12911559.471195154,
        "active_destinations": 23,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -39.84211792129111
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 11724443.407961564,
        "active_destinations": 26,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -9.19421132576563
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 10186900.43128202,
        "active_destinations": 27,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -13.11399546383128
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 29814762.22229477,
        "active_destinations": 31,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 192.67746772845
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 7153386.395018467,
        "active_destinations": 23,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -76.00723312269338
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 5990198.52304858,
        "active_destinations": 21,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -16.260660444400393
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 7759050.395952316,
        "active_destinations": 28,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 29.52910268495606
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 7393819.227768369,
        "active_destinations": 18,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -4.707163242224565
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 4453334.8667615205,
        "active_destinations": 22,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -39.76949219915344
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 7798873.511440977,
        "active_destinations": 22,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 75.12434489599349
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 5646021.853671467,
        "active_destinations": 20,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -27.604648986950085
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 11381840.585825969,
        "active_destinations": 19,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 101.59044511003161
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 11293189.765681699,
        "active_destinations": 28,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -0.7788794745084396
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "845430",
    "hs_description": "Casting machines: of a kind used in metallurgy or in metal foundries",
    "hs_chapter": 84,
    "hs_heading": 8454
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 845430,
      "corridor_rank": 58,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "KAZ",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 1,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 4782019.040116261,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 4782019.040116261,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 4782019.040116261,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 4782019.040116261,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 4782019.040116261,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": null,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": null,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": null,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 4782019.040116261,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 14161191.756140478,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": null,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": null,
      "trend_label": "Insufficient history",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 160.5684,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 554.3438,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 41.3793,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 33.7684788290697,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 33.7684788290697,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 36.62195965147282,
      "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
      "supplier_count_latest": 8,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 2681.24,
      "distance_km": 6423.357421875,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.08811168753409962,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 0,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 0,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','limited_history']",
      "signal_flag": "Declining",
      "confidence_label": "Low",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 845430,
      "corridor_rank": 90,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "TUR",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 16,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1833798.9384624215,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 480370.05288889934,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1097093.2493951556,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1262687.651392173,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 999395.07888813,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -13.624871193413723,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 182.27939934013423,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 17.75580655273792,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 2845676.9291807585,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 34331594.450657934,
      "historical_peak_year": 2021,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 53.333333333333336,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -31.38067774615164,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -50.6294,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 25.9798,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 48.2759,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 5.34143248458208,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 4.777058668790308,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 42.718679070149335,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 20,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 2707.54,
      "distance_km": 2740.029052734375,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.07943356052620201,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.07065853177226666,
      "volatility_cv": 1.59771054840217,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 98.90613428788708,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 845430,
    "num_markets": 40,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "NOR",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 1824000,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "USA",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 438.21301566217454,
    "median_price_across_markets": 17999.592460519612,
    "price_spread_pct": 10131.128196286369,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 41.162608695652175,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 42614534
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 16447213.986007536,
      "active_destinations": 29,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 120.78516074914083
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 21462789.28886165,
      "active_destinations": 30,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 30.494984178603836
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 12911559.471195154,
      "active_destinations": 23,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -39.84211792129111
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 11724443.407961564,
      "active_destinations": 26,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -9.19421132576563
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 10186900.43128202,
      "active_destinations": 27,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -13.11399546383128
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 29814762.22229477,
      "active_destinations": 31,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 192.67746772845
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 7153386.395018467,
      "active_destinations": 23,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -76.00723312269338
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 5990198.52304858,
      "active_destinations": 21,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -16.260660444400393
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 7759050.395952316,
      "active_destinations": 28,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 29.52910268495606
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 7393819.227768369,
      "active_destinations": 18,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -4.707163242224565
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 4453334.8667615205,
      "active_destinations": 22,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -39.76949219915344
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 7798873.511440977,
      "active_destinations": 22,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 75.12434489599349
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 5646021.853671467,
      "active_destinations": 20,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -27.604648986950085
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 11381840.585825969,
      "active_destinations": 19,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 101.59044511003161
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 11293189.765681699,
      "active_destinations": 28,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -0.7788794745084396
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}