{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/844319",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/844319",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/844319",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "844319",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 158,
    "current_lane_count": 77,
    "active_market_count": 77,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 41148956.34647517,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 36425509.60103061,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 40349129.39342317,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 32664892.297310352,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 32915619.15954716,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 18.60788034589764,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 0.008860271291721844,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 5.904704199474575,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 27290871.783073016,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 151473894.69621032,
    "historical_peak_year": 2023,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 12.703176146423065,
    "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
    "top_market_iso3": "USA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 10165010.005835302,
    "top_market_share_pct": 24.702959463286703,
    "destination_hhi": 944.4660479805843,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 14.136086487414763,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 7.973281621566538,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.4073066060465504,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 93.47181347307804,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 25.949367088607595,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 844319,
      "hs_description": "Printing machinery: used for printing by means of plates, cylinders and other printing components of heading 84.42, n.e.c. in item no. 8443.1",
      "hs_chapter": 84,
      "hs_heading": 8443,
      "substitution_elasticity": -7.7759447,
      "price_range_label": "High price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Printing machinery: used for printing by means of plates, cylinders and other printing components of heading 84.42, n.e.c. in item no. 8443.1",
    "hs_chapter": 84,
    "hs_heading": 8443,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 844319,
        "corridor_rank": 29,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "USA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 10165010.005835302,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 3457698.5985069196,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 11259036.88605492,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 9442487.34498671,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 9293561.440747956,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 3.7591819904046586,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 3.3059838540167474,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 43.50115344805725,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 18664714.536389418,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 273165047.3873434,
        "historical_peak_year": 2018,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -39.741971457652596,
        "trend_label": "Growing",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -7.5863,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 1.7165,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 3.721197167447812,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -1.8632058960859732,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 38.55856167605853,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ISR",
        "supplier_count_latest": 59,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1832.53,
        "distance_km": 5770.26416015625,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 1.4208598164678237,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.80051290549599,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 844319,
        "corridor_rank": 58,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "MEX",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 5104735.063266983,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 860292.0300135078,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 3527214.0861057066,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 2315049.244122519,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1717500.2224633985,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 137.89206949566997,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 3.7864597752911955,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 48.1333313985437,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 5104735.063266983,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 67616134.61162569,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 89.75873809712627,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 20.9398,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 7.3061,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 7.549581313080994,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.9363497946857411,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 20.53419015081188,
        "peer_top_exporter": "USA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 69,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1393.35,
        "distance_km": 9073.951171875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.10968114655848483,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.13100950524598787,
        "volatility_cv": 1.5205761076241224,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 93.62814354321897,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 844319,
      "num_markets": 122,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "COL",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 1075000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "HUN",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 29.97932460372157,
      "median_price_across_markets": 38566.87898089172,
      "price_spread_pct": 2787.288080033645,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 14.906877192982455,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 181645972
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 15676965.165441567,
        "active_destinations": 85,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1.3053106864150266
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 24047443.22434816,
        "active_destinations": 87,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 53.393485094669636
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 28286547.50085144,
        "active_destinations": 90,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 17.628087264641774
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 30549518.313126285,
        "active_destinations": 85,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 8.000166199875494
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 20523580.114568863,
        "active_destinations": 89,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -32.818645766501504
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 24235974.712560844,
        "active_destinations": 90,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 18.08843572743286
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 27636623.598107632,
        "active_destinations": 82,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 14.03140961268756
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 32992317.025310703,
        "active_destinations": 90,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 19.378971559933216
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 44557437.87830243,
        "active_destinations": 82,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 35.05398194409723
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 36409376.894638315,
        "active_destinations": 79,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -18.286646117127564
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 20446506.9736535,
        "active_destinations": 81,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -43.84274404689283
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 21830566.33262873,
        "active_destinations": 80,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 6.769172655058743
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 35641232.53589563,
        "active_destinations": 84,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 63.262977207444195
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 48980646.04334328,
        "active_destinations": 82,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 37.42691416188546
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 36425509.60103062,
        "active_destinations": 77,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -25.63285186398429
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "844319",
    "hs_description": "Printing machinery: used for printing by means of plates, cylinders and other printing components of heading 84.42, n.e.c. in item no. 8443.1",
    "hs_chapter": 84,
    "hs_heading": 8443
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 844319,
      "corridor_rank": 29,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 10165010.005835302,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 3457698.5985069196,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 11259036.88605492,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 9442487.34498671,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 9293561.440747956,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 3.7591819904046586,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 3.3059838540167474,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 43.50115344805725,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 18664714.536389418,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 273165047.3873434,
      "historical_peak_year": 2018,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -39.741971457652596,
      "trend_label": "Growing",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -7.5863,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 1.7165,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 3.721197167447812,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -1.8632058960859732,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 38.55856167605853,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ISR",
      "supplier_count_latest": 59,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1832.53,
      "distance_km": 5770.26416015625,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 1.4208598164678237,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.80051290549599,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 844319,
      "corridor_rank": 58,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "MEX",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 5104735.063266983,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 860292.0300135078,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 3527214.0861057066,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 2315049.244122519,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1717500.2224633985,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 137.89206949566997,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 3.7864597752911955,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 48.1333313985437,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 5104735.063266983,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 67616134.61162569,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 89.75873809712627,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 20.9398,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 7.3061,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 7.549581313080994,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.9363497946857411,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 20.53419015081188,
      "peer_top_exporter": "USA",
      "supplier_count_latest": 69,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1393.35,
      "distance_km": 9073.951171875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.10968114655848483,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.13100950524598787,
      "volatility_cv": 1.5205761076241224,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 93.62814354321897,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 844319,
    "num_markets": 122,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "COL",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 1075000,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "HUN",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 29.97932460372157,
    "median_price_across_markets": 38566.87898089172,
    "price_spread_pct": 2787.288080033645,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 14.906877192982455,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 181645972
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 15676965.165441567,
      "active_destinations": 85,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1.3053106864150266
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 24047443.22434816,
      "active_destinations": 87,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 53.393485094669636
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 28286547.50085144,
      "active_destinations": 90,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 17.628087264641774
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 30549518.313126285,
      "active_destinations": 85,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 8.000166199875494
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 20523580.114568863,
      "active_destinations": 89,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -32.818645766501504
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 24235974.712560844,
      "active_destinations": 90,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 18.08843572743286
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 27636623.598107632,
      "active_destinations": 82,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 14.03140961268756
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 32992317.025310703,
      "active_destinations": 90,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 19.378971559933216
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 44557437.87830243,
      "active_destinations": 82,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 35.05398194409723
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 36409376.894638315,
      "active_destinations": 79,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -18.286646117127564
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 20446506.9736535,
      "active_destinations": 81,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -43.84274404689283
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 21830566.33262873,
      "active_destinations": 80,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 6.769172655058743
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 35641232.53589563,
      "active_destinations": 84,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 63.262977207444195
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 48980646.04334328,
      "active_destinations": 82,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 37.42691416188546
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 36425509.60103062,
      "active_destinations": 77,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -25.63285186398429
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}