{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/844316",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/844316",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/844316",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "844316",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 127,
    "current_lane_count": 42,
    "active_market_count": 42,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 112470908.99580273,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 64180154.32680492,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 62019339.76832984,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 56251466.9481339,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 57361124.563203454,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 8.653723169488558,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 1.6090174719951111,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 2.436014647179263,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 94177674.80521742,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 279410674.44732916,
    "historical_peak_year": 2024,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 6.2177085223092945,
    "trend_label": "Growing",
    "top_market_iso3": "MEX",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 13736085.515999326,
    "top_market_share_pct": 12.213011914495988,
    "destination_hhi": 336.35874778203276,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 29.470408036568088,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 13.091959961524202,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.8687786737430067,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 81.04740865806801,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 42.51968503937008,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 844316,
      "hs_description": "Printing machinery: flexographic",
      "hs_chapter": 84,
      "hs_heading": 8443,
      "substitution_elasticity": -7.7759447,
      "price_range_label": null,
      "trade_type_label": null
    },
    "hs_description": "Printing machinery: flexographic",
    "hs_chapter": 84,
    "hs_heading": 8443,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 844316,
        "corridor_rank": 17,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "MEX",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 13736085.515999326,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 6035210.200126412,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 14091762.82257191,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 9884847.614480581,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 8667026.566401668,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 71.41447596452653,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 7.436599995015736,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 10.359476290842506,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 15097118.152513282,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 87672702.70406088,
        "historical_peak_year": 2023,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 44.827586206896555,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 61.05499967368402,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 34.6743,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 17.0061,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 15.667459873303406,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -7.523269047526414,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 20.289818036082266,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 65,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1344.91,
        "distance_km": 9073.951171875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.10968114655848483,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.13100950524598787,
        "volatility_cv": 0.6233117722331181,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 80.82719935408464,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 844316,
        "corridor_rank": 52,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "TUR",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 20,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 5408264.889233456,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1607490.1085020662,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 4911951.504083504,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 3833704.9455998517,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 2535039.8877776247,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 35.757586681218335,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 148.40909129417855,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 6.94009044157049,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 5408264.889233456,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 51931853.14110371,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 47.36842105263158,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 28.817496239647845,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -5.9657,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 35.3531,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 10.414157327562902,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 1.9731256294190445,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 28.363959759263462,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ITA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 18,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1778.31,
        "distance_km": 2740.029052734375,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.07943356052620201,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.07065853177226666,
        "volatility_cv": 1.064959798611389,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.80115188858885,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 844316,
        "corridor_rank": 62,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "GBR",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 25,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 4806261.187032591,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1564057.1257738206,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1623419.179471625,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1014298.8959099734,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 740546.1872704197,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 367.16089701952444,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 118.24431802844808,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 16.977918604236407,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 6064695.398108439,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 49946317.69094882,
        "historical_peak_year": 2006,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 50,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 350.18297841528806,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 55.1839,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 7.3178,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 9.622853914420945,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 9.61426224206092,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 42.09657067017006,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 19,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2255.45,
        "distance_km": 1263.3787841796875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.1059694841707253,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.96749070496955,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Stable",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 844316,
        "corridor_rank": 75,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "RUS",
        "latest_data_year": 2023,
        "lane_data_years": 23,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 3899837.9980646307,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 3753387.518403578,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 4276805.692852037,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 3989181.860017316,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 5308011.079045951,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 24.72448078628564,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -15.691569550487783,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 1.1055951296141675,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 9442927.430171106,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 27714030.04074575,
        "historical_peak_year": 2012,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 59.09090909090909,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 23.618885656671473,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -38.6912,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 22.5251,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 8.62719138911526,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -5.715797851434498,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 59.76022965858897,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 8,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 4235.9,
        "distance_km": 3449.299560546875,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.11425769714942528,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 0.7938690098410864,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.38286962079636,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "Medium",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 844316,
        "corridor_rank": 85,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "ZAF",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 17,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 3115221.6270106994,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 921222.1647460546,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 2154175.241708443,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1666028.5016696518,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1374525.2979574734,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 149.08135646583438,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 20.981592448365085,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 19.705386763522714,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 3115221.6270106994,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 23050555.024113473,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 56.25,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 129.37596970231166,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 7.9741,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 20.1833,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.3333,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 13.514735865369957,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 3.5714199554917556,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 29.86067653444348,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 14,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1641.65,
        "distance_km": 8582.7822265625,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.0982419857610707,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.029297414191717164,
        "volatility_cv": 1.0042273169190403,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.83475503461172,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','buyer_macro_weakness']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 844316,
        "corridor_rank": 99,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "SAU",
        "latest_data_year": 2023,
        "lane_data_years": 13,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 2849794.0628666114,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 832660.0252933321,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 2849794.0628666114,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1429285.0475773774,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 988146.0788280729,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 587.3402158974391,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 27.701189042594375,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 24.058253083447624,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 2849794.0628666114,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 23383852.537974533,
        "historical_peak_year": 2023,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 50,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 563.2819628139914,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -3.8564,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 42.1401,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 11.717035178889446,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 11.524647146228808,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 27.753335379532157,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 15,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2233.17,
        "distance_km": 4975.89697265625,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.09920948249898988,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 1.0326951466675012,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.6553326653914,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "Medium",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 844316,
      "num_markets": 85,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "GAB",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 3503600,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 78.19499091127688,
      "median_price_across_markets": 28257.720979765705,
      "price_spread_pct": 12398.458486860387,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 80.6399043062201,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 307342677
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 48340780.7382279,
        "active_destinations": 36,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 24.16466191215046
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 61298269.48430818,
        "active_destinations": 41,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 26.80446725973853
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 60260860.00322839,
        "active_destinations": 39,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -1.692396033048473
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 42686715.16861557,
        "active_destinations": 42,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -29.163448436798454
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 50451492.85018929,
        "active_destinations": 47,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 18.190150380281764
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 53594415.138934255,
        "active_destinations": 42,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 6.229592250278024
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 55515936.57158789,
        "active_destinations": 37,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 3.5853016171039904
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 63741913.56220747,
        "active_destinations": 47,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 14.817325435935262
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 60244667.87211131,
        "active_destinations": 45,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -5.486571542417059
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 59256977.74652412,
        "active_destinations": 45,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -1.6394648032318566
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 45165120.15746818,
        "active_destinations": 42,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -23.780925259696588
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 50034195.27821182,
        "active_destinations": 45,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 10.780609248392588
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 58644785.061842665,
        "active_destinations": 45,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 17.20940995603554
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 63233079.91634192,
        "active_destinations": 49,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 7.823875302229798
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 64180154.32680493,
        "active_destinations": 42,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1.4977515118921858
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "844316",
    "hs_description": "Printing machinery: flexographic",
    "hs_chapter": 84,
    "hs_heading": 8443
  },
  "destinations": [
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