{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/844312",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/844312",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/844312",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "844312",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 128,
    "current_lane_count": 29,
    "active_market_count": 29,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 2268643.697217581,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 128351.75205565178,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 558057.1937961114,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1060755.6842139757,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1204705.3699114912,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -60.038439752258036,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -39.24338205819029,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -22.762482017498055,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 3391985.465842986,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 12241921.223554334,
    "historical_peak_year": 2021,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 41.37931034482759,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -37.275957734759984,
    "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
    "top_market_iso3": "PHL",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 481759.7627930932,
    "top_market_share_pct": 21.23558509359386,
    "destination_hhi": 824.0486902574322,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 62.87037028406853,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 45.9172844521767,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.0203193043515415,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 39.48182606444338,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 59.375,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 84.5,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 844312,
      "hs_description": "Printing machinery: offset, sheet-fed, office type (sheet size not exceeding 22 x 36cm in the unfolded state)",
      "hs_chapter": 84,
      "hs_heading": 8443,
      "substitution_elasticity": -16.588825,
      "price_range_label": "Unclassified",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Printing machinery: offset, sheet-fed, office type (sheet size not exceeding 22 x 36cm in the unfolded state)",
    "hs_chapter": 84,
    "hs_heading": 8443,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 844312,
        "corridor_rank": 44,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "PHL",
        "latest_data_year": 2022,
        "lane_data_years": 2,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 481759.7627930932,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 241563.342911078,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 481759.7627930932,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 481759.7627930932,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 481759.7627930932,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 606.364429596335,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 223.1597718199511,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 79.76645177005388,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 481759.7627930932,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 1270556.1088590801,
        "historical_peak_year": 2022,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 100,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 526.5979778262811,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 1140.4273,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 532.4733,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 48.2759,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 89.37465222652101,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 89.18754534597711,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 92.11787506855129,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 6,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 8516.47,
        "distance_km": 11665.2236328125,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": null,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 0.9943413474387711,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 0,
        "attention_level": "Not monitored",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The lane has limited historical coverage",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['limited_history']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "Low",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:31"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 844312,
        "corridor_rank": 75,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "AUT",
        "latest_data_year": 1998,
        "lane_data_years": 1,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 275439.8649331498,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 275439.8649331498,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 275439.8649331498,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 275439.8649331498,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 275439.8649331498,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": null,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": null,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": null,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 275439.8649331498,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 16106.204522490161,
        "historical_peak_year": 1998,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": null,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": null,
        "trend_label": "Insufficient history",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 418.9459,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 515.7108,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 53.9873242734366,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 53.9873242734366,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 99.05022886963056,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ITA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 3,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 9811.7,
        "distance_km": 1811.998779296875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": null,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 0,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 0,
        "attention_level": "Not monitored",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The lane has limited historical coverage",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['limited_history']",
        "signal_flag": "Declining",
        "confidence_label": "Low",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:31"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 844312,
      "num_markets": 70,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "MEX",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 1661999.9999999998,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "GBR",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 43.67666232073012,
      "median_price_across_markets": 16642.85714285714,
      "price_spread_pct": 9986.003659539703,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 6.286744966442953,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 7569887
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 1635080.1002741929,
        "active_destinations": 30,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 256.089708308807
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 1175636.8832931293,
        "active_destinations": 35,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -28.0991259635548
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 456373.99093776994,
        "active_destinations": 28,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -61.18070150543421
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 1096798.854153092,
        "active_destinations": 37,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 140.3289573753665
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 1698707.905783682,
        "active_destinations": 36,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 54.878709013182004
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 1698287.8516383227,
        "active_destinations": 40,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -0.024727861919581373
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 1241609.2200643178,
        "active_destinations": 39,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -26.890531610024247
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 451799.84000688064,
        "active_destinations": 35,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -63.61175217565825
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 1801213.7481822264,
        "active_destinations": 34,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 298.6751629116989
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 1550364.6181532862,
        "active_destinations": 42,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -13.926671961175938
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 1618317.7753568345,
        "active_destinations": 34,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 4.383043601994132
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 2011289.0643247087,
        "active_destinations": 41,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 24.28270238094771
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 1274383.990176212,
        "active_destinations": 33,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -36.63844681599325
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 271435.83915647026,
        "active_destinations": 29,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -78.70062388974785
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 128351.75205565178,
        "active_destinations": 29,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -52.71377852883204
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "844312",
    "hs_description": "Printing machinery: offset, sheet-fed, office type (sheet size not exceeding 22 x 36cm in the unfolded state)",
    "hs_chapter": 84,
    "hs_heading": 8443
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 844312,
      "corridor_rank": 44,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "PHL",
      "latest_data_year": 2022,
      "lane_data_years": 2,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 481759.7627930932,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 241563.342911078,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 481759.7627930932,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 481759.7627930932,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 481759.7627930932,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 606.364429596335,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 223.1597718199511,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 79.76645177005388,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 481759.7627930932,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 1270556.1088590801,
      "historical_peak_year": 2022,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 100,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 526.5979778262811,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 1140.4273,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 532.4733,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 48.2759,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 89.37465222652101,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 89.18754534597711,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 92.11787506855129,
      "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
      "supplier_count_latest": 6,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 8516.47,
      "distance_km": 11665.2236328125,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 0.9943413474387711,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 0,
      "attention_level": "Not monitored",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The lane has limited historical coverage",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['limited_history']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "Low",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:31"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 844312,
      "corridor_rank": 75,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "AUT",
      "latest_data_year": 1998,
      "lane_data_years": 1,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 275439.8649331498,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 275439.8649331498,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 275439.8649331498,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 275439.8649331498,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 275439.8649331498,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": null,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": null,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": null,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 275439.8649331498,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 16106.204522490161,
      "historical_peak_year": 1998,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": null,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": null,
      "trend_label": "Insufficient history",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 418.9459,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 515.7108,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 53.9873242734366,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 53.9873242734366,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 99.05022886963056,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ITA",
      "supplier_count_latest": 3,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 9811.7,
      "distance_km": 1811.998779296875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 0,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 0,
      "attention_level": "Not monitored",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The lane has limited historical coverage",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['limited_history']",
      "signal_flag": "Declining",
      "confidence_label": "Low",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:31"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 844312,
    "num_markets": 70,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "MEX",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 1661999.9999999998,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "GBR",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 43.67666232073012,
    "median_price_across_markets": 16642.85714285714,
    "price_spread_pct": 9986.003659539703,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 6.286744966442953,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 7569887
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 1635080.1002741929,
      "active_destinations": 30,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 256.089708308807
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 1175636.8832931293,
      "active_destinations": 35,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -28.0991259635548
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 456373.99093776994,
      "active_destinations": 28,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -61.18070150543421
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 1096798.854153092,
      "active_destinations": 37,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 140.3289573753665
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 1698707.905783682,
      "active_destinations": 36,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 54.878709013182004
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 1698287.8516383227,
      "active_destinations": 40,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -0.024727861919581373
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 1241609.2200643178,
      "active_destinations": 39,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -26.890531610024247
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 451799.84000688064,
      "active_destinations": 35,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -63.61175217565825
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 1801213.7481822264,
      "active_destinations": 34,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 298.6751629116989
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 1550364.6181532862,
      "active_destinations": 42,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -13.926671961175938
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 1618317.7753568345,
      "active_destinations": 34,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 4.383043601994132
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 2011289.0643247087,
      "active_destinations": 41,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 24.28270238094771
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 1274383.990176212,
      "active_destinations": 33,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -36.63844681599325
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 271435.83915647026,
      "active_destinations": 29,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -78.70062388974785
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 128351.75205565178,
      "active_destinations": 29,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -52.71377852883204
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}