{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/842191",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/842191",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/842191",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "842191",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 167,
    "current_lane_count": 118,
    "active_market_count": 118,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 23944108.769162133,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 23329103.786583643,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 24023432.63848306,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 22951969.261936337,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 17419816.877582148,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.15800301244641712,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 7.2845779583097015,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 3.1611396482583043,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 13802875.731891729,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 62705539.851196826,
    "historical_peak_year": 2022,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -3.003136635811887,
    "trend_label": "Stable",
    "top_market_iso3": "CHN",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 4744334.270230745,
    "top_market_share_pct": 19.81420280023545,
    "destination_hhi": 1001.1320494517146,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 6.455940699497531,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 1.341386345036826,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.1016016096414825,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 94.08708085312857,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 25.149700598802394,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 842191,
      "hs_description": "Centrifuges: parts thereof, including parts for centrifugal dryers",
      "hs_chapter": 84,
      "hs_heading": 8421,
      "substitution_elasticity": -6.3946638,
      "price_range_label": "High price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Centrifuges: parts thereof, including parts for centrifugal dryers",
    "hs_chapter": 84,
    "hs_heading": 8421,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 842191,
        "corridor_rank": 66,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "CHN",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 28,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 4744334.270230745,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1066135.0338585658,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 3209319.6957725617,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 2450705.3138772785,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1687572.2527117743,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 53.76024402633439,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 26.705000048108317,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 15.060828999607079,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 4744334.270230745,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 113975393.49486996,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 59.25925925925926,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 38.69941502672731,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -5.0188,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 12.9849,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 4.162595210030387,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 1.7947543612573922,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 24.748052713122004,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 54,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1125.59,
        "distance_km": 9232.298828125,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.30189875567878793,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 0.9646111833160015,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.96201707905557,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['long_distance_without_fta']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 842191,
        "corridor_rank": 89,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "SWE",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 29,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 3496475.5829392904,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1199494.6480704742,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 4256185.025467553,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 3659040.789471455,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1832381.650108729,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -3.8726478777983964,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 227.2206683057491,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 59.18176806107003,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 5676529.740466274,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 38335527.02422864,
        "historical_peak_year": 2022,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 53.57142857142857,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -63.05441593886843,
        "trend_label": "Declining",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 11.7896,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 9.1316,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 9.120718702339648,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -1.3642008101374916,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 19.372475992520364,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ITA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 57,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1222.69,
        "distance_km": 2596.90771484375,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.020748499880808083,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.020748499880808083,
        "volatility_cv": 1.170928528497152,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.96983356001546,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 842191,
      "num_markets": 135,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "ECU",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 13253666.666666666,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 430.7692307692308,
      "median_price_across_markets": 94295.35232383807,
      "price_spread_pct": 14055.025588027258,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 5.684664015904572,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 101768052
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 10338211.246938339,
        "active_destinations": 81,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -1.9411626095633856
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 13052850.566383447,
        "active_destinations": 82,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 26.25830769562819
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 12242106.768364578,
        "active_destinations": 93,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -6.211239406255623
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 13997639.751939291,
        "active_destinations": 87,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 14.340121490455143
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 17089790.64948888,
        "active_destinations": 96,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 22.090516346666163
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 10450463.980918504,
        "active_destinations": 102,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -38.84966647481398
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 8055695.998430075,
        "active_destinations": 101,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -22.915422577036146
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 9571585.980214207,
        "active_destinations": 103,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 18.817616529714552
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 14946684.57382915,
        "active_destinations": 104,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 56.15682296252697
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 16413891.93274786,
        "active_destinations": 105,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 9.81627297793995
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 19470678.14000372,
        "active_destinations": 108,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 18.62316518093537
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 23218870.2542288,
        "active_destinations": 120,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 19.250444628963326
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 26076299.13756272,
        "active_destinations": 111,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 12.306494037165743
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 22664894.991302818,
        "active_destinations": 111,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -13.082393817709345
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 23329103.786583647,
        "active_destinations": 118,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 2.9305619793769413
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "842191",
    "hs_description": "Centrifuges: parts thereof, including parts for centrifugal dryers",
    "hs_chapter": 84,
    "hs_heading": 8421
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 842191,
      "corridor_rank": 66,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "CHN",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 28,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 4744334.270230745,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1066135.0338585658,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 3209319.6957725617,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 2450705.3138772785,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1687572.2527117743,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 53.76024402633439,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 26.705000048108317,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 15.060828999607079,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 4744334.270230745,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 113975393.49486996,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 59.25925925925926,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 38.69941502672731,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -5.0188,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 12.9849,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 4.162595210030387,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 1.7947543612573922,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 24.748052713122004,
      "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
      "supplier_count_latest": 54,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1125.59,
      "distance_km": 9232.298828125,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.30189875567878793,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 0.9646111833160015,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.96201707905557,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['long_distance_without_fta']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 842191,
      "corridor_rank": 89,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "SWE",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 29,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 3496475.5829392904,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1199494.6480704742,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 4256185.025467553,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 3659040.789471455,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1832381.650108729,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -3.8726478777983964,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 227.2206683057491,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 59.18176806107003,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 5676529.740466274,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 38335527.02422864,
      "historical_peak_year": 2022,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 53.57142857142857,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -63.05441593886843,
      "trend_label": "Declining",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 11.7896,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 9.1316,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 9.120718702339648,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -1.3642008101374916,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 19.372475992520364,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ITA",
      "supplier_count_latest": 57,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1222.69,
      "distance_km": 2596.90771484375,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.020748499880808083,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.020748499880808083,
      "volatility_cv": 1.170928528497152,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.96983356001546,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 842191,
    "num_markets": 135,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "ECU",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 13253666.666666666,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "GHA",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 430.7692307692308,
    "median_price_across_markets": 94295.35232383807,
    "price_spread_pct": 14055.025588027258,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 5.684664015904572,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 101768052
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 10338211.246938339,
      "active_destinations": 81,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -1.9411626095633856
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 13052850.566383447,
      "active_destinations": 82,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 26.25830769562819
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 12242106.768364578,
      "active_destinations": 93,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -6.211239406255623
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 13997639.751939291,
      "active_destinations": 87,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 14.340121490455143
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 17089790.64948888,
      "active_destinations": 96,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 22.090516346666163
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 10450463.980918504,
      "active_destinations": 102,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -38.84966647481398
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 8055695.998430075,
      "active_destinations": 101,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -22.915422577036146
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 9571585.980214207,
      "active_destinations": 103,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 18.817616529714552
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 14946684.57382915,
      "active_destinations": 104,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 56.15682296252697
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 16413891.93274786,
      "active_destinations": 105,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 9.81627297793995
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 19470678.14000372,
      "active_destinations": 108,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 18.62316518093537
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 23218870.2542288,
      "active_destinations": 120,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 19.250444628963326
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 26076299.13756272,
      "active_destinations": 111,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 12.306494037165743
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 22664894.991302818,
      "active_destinations": 111,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -13.082393817709345
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 23329103.786583647,
      "active_destinations": 118,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 2.9305619793769413
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}