{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/841950",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/841950",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/841950",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "841950",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 169,
    "current_lane_count": 118,
    "active_market_count": 118,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 337263329.7672526,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 331192869.8145417,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 315369517.0107438,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 269521850.59209776,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 219473440.8049336,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 13.821728953941935,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 10.984473053569355,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -0.3874464235292141,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 153637657.80275923,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 913865215.9212544,
    "historical_peak_year": 2023,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 14.20917537747115,
    "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
    "top_market_iso3": "DEU",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 149528056.53987813,
    "top_market_share_pct": 44.33569953871603,
    "destination_hhi": 2191.842021897788,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 7.706242980448138,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 0.4189072894038454,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.3390505820831613,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 79.21484138694622,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 21.301775147928993,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 841950,
      "hs_description": "Heat exchange units: not used for domestic purposes",
      "hs_chapter": 84,
      "hs_heading": 8419,
      "substitution_elasticity": -2.5478725,
      "price_range_label": "Medium price range",
      "trade_type_label": "Two-way horizontal trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Heat exchange units: not used for domestic purposes",
    "hs_chapter": 84,
    "hs_heading": 8419,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 841950,
        "corridor_rank": 12,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "DEU",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 149528056.53987813,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 22801919.74673953,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 122870138.37211783,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 79526343.63816653,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 47001501.81922841,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 107.49993565994038,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 53.89808117654062,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 21.464988807478534,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 149528056.53987813,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 1298270866.6995246,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 86.03494685246184,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -6.7354,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 7.8944,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 11.517477621600618,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.9872752298881355,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 11.517477621600618,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
        "supplier_count_latest": 91,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 650.84,
        "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.5733456211388386,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 67.14348801134575,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 841950,
        "corridor_rank": 91,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "ITA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 35355869.08155224,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 16338943.417214414,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 45374295.588567436,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 43216128.07919441,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 35386614.61492842,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -10.0214338827878,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -2.130303539723688,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 13.413612784346874,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 56486003.45989148,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 401064600.5514207,
        "historical_peak_year": 2023,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -23.435046667134674,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -9.1303,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 6.9806,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 8.815504792230907,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -3.982603991016953,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 13.761624171970274,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 69,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 731.28,
        "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.9821853646637944,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 81.54959019510812,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 841950,
      "num_markets": 143,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "MLT",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 1195421.0526315789,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "GTM",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 254.5560577343636,
      "median_price_across_markets": 22782.825988187185,
      "price_spread_pct": 5245.909779557347,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 108.07025342465755,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 1208635678
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 150586016.5969019,
        "active_destinations": 100,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 4.687178624670209
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 134377244.6320708,
        "active_destinations": 105,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -10.763796221676905
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 186651309.6333325,
        "active_destinations": 104,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 38.90097995712723
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 225160626.48550257,
        "active_destinations": 115,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 20.63168853613713
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 344302553.9415289,
        "active_destinations": 117,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 52.9141925547527
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 151518929.61694646,
        "active_destinations": 109,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -55.99250488200616
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 133484153.24394962,
        "active_destinations": 125,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -11.902655607844101
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 166562443.98097387,
        "active_destinations": 125,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 24.78068739483394
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 198875254.88081288,
        "active_destinations": 126,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 19.39981794667353
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 196684373.36616415,
        "active_destinations": 118,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -1.1016360562110876
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 176902930.02085516,
        "active_destinations": 124,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -10.057455509432971
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 224597771.90740252,
        "active_destinations": 122,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 26.961024263942146
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 256767855.80835092,
        "active_destinations": 125,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 14.323420765817541
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 358147825.40933883,
        "active_destinations": 120,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 39.48312349371993
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 331192869.81454164,
        "active_destinations": 118,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -7.526209481794144
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "841950",
    "hs_description": "Heat exchange units: not used for domestic purposes",
    "hs_chapter": 84,
    "hs_heading": 8419
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 841950,
      "corridor_rank": 12,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 149528056.53987813,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 22801919.74673953,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 122870138.37211783,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 79526343.63816653,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 47001501.81922841,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 107.49993565994038,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 53.89808117654062,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 21.464988807478534,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 149528056.53987813,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 1298270866.6995246,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 86.03494685246184,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -6.7354,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 7.8944,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 11.517477621600618,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.9872752298881355,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 11.517477621600618,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
      "supplier_count_latest": 91,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 650.84,
      "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 1.5733456211388386,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 67.14348801134575,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 841950,
      "corridor_rank": 91,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "ITA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 35355869.08155224,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 16338943.417214414,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 45374295.588567436,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 43216128.07919441,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 35386614.61492842,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -10.0214338827878,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -2.130303539723688,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 13.413612784346874,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 56486003.45989148,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 401064600.5514207,
      "historical_peak_year": 2023,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -23.435046667134674,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -9.1303,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 6.9806,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 8.815504792230907,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -3.982603991016953,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 13.761624171970274,
      "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
      "supplier_count_latest": 69,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 731.28,
      "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.9821853646637944,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 81.54959019510812,
      "attention_level": "Stable",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 841950,
    "num_markets": 143,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "MLT",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 1195421.0526315789,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "GTM",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 254.5560577343636,
    "median_price_across_markets": 22782.825988187185,
    "price_spread_pct": 5245.909779557347,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 108.07025342465755,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 1208635678
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 150586016.5969019,
      "active_destinations": 100,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 4.687178624670209
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 134377244.6320708,
      "active_destinations": 105,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -10.763796221676905
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 186651309.6333325,
      "active_destinations": 104,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 38.90097995712723
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 225160626.48550257,
      "active_destinations": 115,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 20.63168853613713
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 344302553.9415289,
      "active_destinations": 117,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 52.9141925547527
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 151518929.61694646,
      "active_destinations": 109,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -55.99250488200616
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 133484153.24394962,
      "active_destinations": 125,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -11.902655607844101
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 166562443.98097387,
      "active_destinations": 125,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 24.78068739483394
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 198875254.88081288,
      "active_destinations": 126,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 19.39981794667353
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 196684373.36616415,
      "active_destinations": 118,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -1.1016360562110876
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 176902930.02085516,
      "active_destinations": 124,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -10.057455509432971
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 224597771.90740252,
      "active_destinations": 122,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 26.961024263942146
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 256767855.80835092,
      "active_destinations": 125,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 14.323420765817541
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 358147825.40933883,
      "active_destinations": 120,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 39.48312349371993
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 331192869.81454164,
      "active_destinations": 118,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -7.526209481794144
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}