{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/841861",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/841861",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/841861",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "841861",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 162,
    "current_lane_count": 104,
    "active_market_count": 104,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 73622907.492764,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 69830908.40208688,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 94438216.17379819,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 82890386.63859366,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 60588929.644076645,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -1.6114730865553817,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 6.127315227293417,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 8.273695414586202,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 51239009.75295315,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 223920198.592163,
    "historical_peak_year": 2023,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 72.41379310344827,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -9.885168501141584,
    "trend_label": "Stable",
    "top_market_iso3": "NLD",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 12757923.379156232,
    "top_market_share_pct": 17.328741574638492,
    "destination_hhi": 871.9732504207132,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 10.773293149113249,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 1.8074061755895003,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.996762518017699,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 79.38288471578885,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 22.22222222222222,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 841861,
      "hs_description": "Heat pumps: other than air conditioning machines of heading no. 8415",
      "hs_chapter": 84,
      "hs_heading": 8418,
      "substitution_elasticity": -9.5246401,
      "price_range_label": "Medium price range",
      "trade_type_label": "Two-way horizontal trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Heat pumps: other than air conditioning machines of heading no. 8415",
    "hs_chapter": 84,
    "hs_heading": 8418,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 841861,
        "corridor_rank": 73,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "NLD",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 12757923.379156232,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 3263656.07751864,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 17001929.938293498,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 13773764.946406176,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 8109134.622938666,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 7.083590941288365,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 28.00337238841495,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 32.18143761074488,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 19905952.567371335,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 246414890.76574415,
        "historical_peak_year": 2023,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -25.097846669456516,
        "trend_label": "Growing",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -41.1559,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 9.1347,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 5.177415755805374,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.42385801184674676,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 16.727685988078235,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 47,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1149.67,
        "distance_km": 1481.3658447265625,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.5845293949148747,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 71.25781865358682,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 841861,
        "corridor_rank": 82,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "PRT",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 11529211.591313388,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 4091715.6584864208,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 11184522.969034655,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 10374958.803291576,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 7162936.5607465,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.686862370973996,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 9.437224883745277,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 21.436661472432217,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 13304571.08434571,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 51648391.97347791,
        "historical_peak_year": 2022,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -19.749799101458223,
        "trend_label": "Stable",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 21.9709,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 9.1944,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 22.32249863119414,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 1.7301759326981703,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 31.241113822995075,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 25,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1923.05,
        "distance_km": 500.9222717285156,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.7760984415557798,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 60.577333288320204,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 841861,
      "num_markets": 129,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 1333000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "GMB",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 660,
      "median_price_across_markets": 19610.4309063893,
      "price_spread_pct": 6794.037348592419,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 41.41823758099351,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 348181190
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 36185710.31189654,
        "active_destinations": 87,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 8.193089754163422
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 37431230.41712344,
        "active_destinations": 89,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 3.4420219873849347
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 40000225.61726623,
        "active_destinations": 97,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 6.863240057873093
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 42331054.39330866,
        "active_destinations": 90,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 5.827039073090432
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 31536834.22891362,
        "active_destinations": 88,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -25.499530590717583
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 27513223.706935417,
        "active_destinations": 89,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -12.758447765468084
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 36800829.57078366,
        "active_destinations": 94,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 33.7568798290513
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 31474270.60564907,
        "active_destinations": 88,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -14.474018730717336
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 43779570.25397143,
        "active_destinations": 91,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 39.09637749036121
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 51869469.11045852,
        "active_destinations": 98,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 18.47870778437627
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 57818658.82398555,
        "active_destinations": 88,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 11.469540397373141
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 73318625.84758824,
        "active_destinations": 95,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 26.807897898130896
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 106580441.55671641,
        "active_destinations": 107,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 45.36611989737979
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 106903298.5625912,
        "active_destinations": 98,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 0.30292331422081376
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 69830908.40208691,
        "active_destinations": 104,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -34.67843430368862
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "841861",
    "hs_description": "Heat pumps: other than air conditioning machines of heading no. 8415",
    "hs_chapter": 84,
    "hs_heading": 8418
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 841861,
      "corridor_rank": 73,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 12757923.379156232,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 3263656.07751864,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 17001929.938293498,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 13773764.946406176,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 8109134.622938666,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 7.083590941288365,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 28.00337238841495,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 32.18143761074488,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 19905952.567371335,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 246414890.76574415,
      "historical_peak_year": 2023,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -25.097846669456516,
      "trend_label": "Growing",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -41.1559,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 9.1347,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 5.177415755805374,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.42385801184674676,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 16.727685988078235,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 47,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1149.67,
      "distance_km": 1481.3658447265625,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 1.5845293949148747,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 71.25781865358682,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 841861,
      "corridor_rank": 82,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "PRT",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 11529211.591313388,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 4091715.6584864208,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 11184522.969034655,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 10374958.803291576,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 7162936.5607465,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.686862370973996,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 9.437224883745277,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 21.436661472432217,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 13304571.08434571,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 51648391.97347791,
      "historical_peak_year": 2022,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -19.749799101458223,
      "trend_label": "Stable",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 21.9709,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 9.1944,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 22.32249863119414,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 1.7301759326981703,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 31.241113822995075,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 25,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1923.05,
      "distance_km": 500.9222717285156,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.7760984415557798,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 60.577333288320204,
      "attention_level": "Stable",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 841861,
    "num_markets": 129,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "KOR",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 1333000,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "GMB",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 660,
    "median_price_across_markets": 19610.4309063893,
    "price_spread_pct": 6794.037348592419,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 41.41823758099351,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 348181190
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 36185710.31189654,
      "active_destinations": 87,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 8.193089754163422
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 37431230.41712344,
      "active_destinations": 89,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 3.4420219873849347
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 40000225.61726623,
      "active_destinations": 97,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 6.863240057873093
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 42331054.39330866,
      "active_destinations": 90,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 5.827039073090432
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 31536834.22891362,
      "active_destinations": 88,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -25.499530590717583
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 27513223.706935417,
      "active_destinations": 89,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -12.758447765468084
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 36800829.57078366,
      "active_destinations": 94,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 33.7568798290513
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 31474270.60564907,
      "active_destinations": 88,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -14.474018730717336
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 43779570.25397143,
      "active_destinations": 91,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 39.09637749036121
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 51869469.11045852,
      "active_destinations": 98,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 18.47870778437627
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 57818658.82398555,
      "active_destinations": 88,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 11.469540397373141
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 73318625.84758824,
      "active_destinations": 95,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 26.807897898130896
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 106580441.55671641,
      "active_destinations": 107,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 45.36611989737979
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 106903298.5625912,
      "active_destinations": 98,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 0.30292331422081376
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 69830908.40208691,
      "active_destinations": 104,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -34.67843430368862
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}