{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/840991",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/840991",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/840991",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "840991",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 174,
    "current_lane_count": 134,
    "active_market_count": 134,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 360859198.99767166,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 358036157.2724199,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 327654203.23244476,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 321698387.8425938,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 348770749.50245774,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.8119863130124703,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 0.03256708871917091,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 2.496627411927488,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 328735125.93252075,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 981405619.4787682,
    "historical_peak_year": 2007,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -0.6846410989150176,
    "trend_label": "Stable",
    "top_market_iso3": "USA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 79866746.9010752,
    "top_market_share_pct": 22.132384908827145,
    "destination_hhi": 926.0917014290451,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 3.0276388469055937,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 0.03439487956218471,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.9099834725023673,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 80.35221139556934,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 13.218390804597702,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 840991,
      "hs_description": "Engines: parts, suitable for use solely or principally with spark-ignition internal combustion piston engines (for other than aircraft)",
      "hs_chapter": 84,
      "hs_heading": 8409,
      "substitution_elasticity": -6.3467488,
      "price_range_label": "Low price range",
      "trade_type_label": "Two-way horizontal trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Engines: parts, suitable for use solely or principally with spark-ignition internal combustion piston engines (for other than aircraft)",
    "hs_chapter": 84,
    "hs_heading": 8409,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 840991,
        "corridor_rank": 68,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "USA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 79866746.9010752,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 42361214.38269982,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 79274754.27011369,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 85703639.53191434,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 111899263.90153483,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -9.478732691151082,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -8.479546333091925,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 26.08995345157412,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 165211246.4011136,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 7562980928.712704,
        "historical_peak_year": 2017,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -35.568686142725205,
        "trend_label": "Declining",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 3.3704,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 4.9833,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 1.056022058681422,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.06732329004068793,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 38.9825072660629,
        "peer_top_exporter": "MEX",
        "supplier_count_latest": 101,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2278.85,
        "distance_km": 5770.26416015625,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 1.2417689422595144,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 69.10350842523992,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 840991,
      "num_markets": 146,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "MDG",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 1883000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "MRT",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 40.389469888207714,
      "median_price_across_markets": 31440.06243496358,
      "price_spread_pct": 5989.045392085885,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 265.4458552845529,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 1716679679
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 308571239.53839815,
        "active_destinations": 126,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 12.45779246243799
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 299901519.0361442,
        "active_destinations": 124,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -2.809633365450153
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 294699327.1973052,
        "active_destinations": 132,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -1.7346333741684132
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 253902904.7164922,
        "active_destinations": 131,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -13.84340536804118
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 279789320.106112,
        "active_destinations": 123,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 10.195399465210746
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 352069618.4064336,
        "active_destinations": 132,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 25.833830352391146
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 387765648.5862519,
        "active_destinations": 136,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 10.13891239505091
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 400259928.0883158,
        "active_destinations": 133,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 3.2221212857860273
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 381666644.0477561,
        "active_destinations": 131,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -4.645302398709564
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 357453716.6828513,
        "active_destinations": 133,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -6.343998812187296
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 286271283.85749924,
        "active_destinations": 129,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -19.913748131064548
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 339258045.6581354,
        "active_destinations": 130,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 18.50928290348956
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 307679316.8094083,
        "active_destinations": 131,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -9.308173896794907
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 317247135.61550593,
        "active_destinations": 133,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 3.109672403499389
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 358036157.2724199,
        "active_destinations": 134,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 12.857175708703346
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "840991",
    "hs_description": "Engines: parts, suitable for use solely or principally with spark-ignition internal combustion piston engines (for other than aircraft)",
    "hs_chapter": 84,
    "hs_heading": 8409
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 840991,
      "corridor_rank": 68,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 79866746.9010752,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 42361214.38269982,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 79274754.27011369,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 85703639.53191434,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 111899263.90153483,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -9.478732691151082,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -8.479546333091925,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 26.08995345157412,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 165211246.4011136,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 7562980928.712704,
      "historical_peak_year": 2017,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -35.568686142725205,
      "trend_label": "Declining",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 3.3704,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 4.9833,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 1.056022058681422,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.06732329004068793,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 38.9825072660629,
      "peer_top_exporter": "MEX",
      "supplier_count_latest": 101,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 2278.85,
      "distance_km": 5770.26416015625,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 1.2417689422595144,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 69.10350842523992,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 840991,
    "num_markets": 146,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "MDG",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 1883000,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "MRT",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 40.389469888207714,
    "median_price_across_markets": 31440.06243496358,
    "price_spread_pct": 5989.045392085885,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 265.4458552845529,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 1716679679
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 308571239.53839815,
      "active_destinations": 126,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 12.45779246243799
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 299901519.0361442,
      "active_destinations": 124,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -2.809633365450153
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 294699327.1973052,
      "active_destinations": 132,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -1.7346333741684132
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 253902904.7164922,
      "active_destinations": 131,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -13.84340536804118
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 279789320.106112,
      "active_destinations": 123,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 10.195399465210746
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 352069618.4064336,
      "active_destinations": 132,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 25.833830352391146
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 387765648.5862519,
      "active_destinations": 136,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 10.13891239505091
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 400259928.0883158,
      "active_destinations": 133,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 3.2221212857860273
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 381666644.0477561,
      "active_destinations": 131,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -4.645302398709564
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 357453716.6828513,
      "active_destinations": 133,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -6.343998812187296
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 286271283.85749924,
      "active_destinations": 129,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -19.913748131064548
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 339258045.6581354,
      "active_destinations": 130,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 18.50928290348956
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 307679316.8094083,
      "active_destinations": 131,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -9.308173896794907
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 317247135.61550593,
      "active_destinations": 133,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 3.109672403499389
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 358036157.2724199,
      "active_destinations": 134,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 12.857175708703346
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}