{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/840710",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/840710",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/840710",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "840710",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 120,
    "current_lane_count": 36,
    "active_market_count": 36,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 67156086.83761394,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 28712183.890050273,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 41643512.15860737,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 29625006.964197874,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 34478344.007722154,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 58.602634054845716,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -16.215627164879866,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 10.581048231103662,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 57738436.38476451,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 246312403.01588583,
    "historical_peak_year": 2019,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 48.02158582374206,
    "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
    "top_market_iso3": "FRA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 12073621.734880539,
    "top_market_share_pct": 17.978447380466093,
    "destination_hhi": 1027.1883440243703,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 28.869429242014935,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 15.224078865417209,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.3280176847602165,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 50.57424556704408,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 55.833333333333336,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 88,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 840710,
      "hs_description": "Engines: for aircraft, spark-ignition reciprocating or rotary internal combustion piston engines",
      "hs_chapter": 84,
      "hs_heading": 8407,
      "substitution_elasticity": -13.533831,
      "price_range_label": "Unclassified",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Engines: for aircraft, spark-ignition reciprocating or rotary internal combustion piston engines",
    "hs_chapter": 84,
    "hs_heading": 8407,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 840710,
        "corridor_rank": 63,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "FRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 18,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 12073621.734880539,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 2318084.5489979517,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 11622805.02990525,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 8717957.201666204,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 6974789.691289855,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1423.5966846836538,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 463.7865239294844,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 87.22986425458932,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 22788431.280619677,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 128584902.32728657,
        "historical_peak_year": 2023,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 47.05882352941177,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 1336.3668204290645,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 24.0734,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 29.2681,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 48.2759,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 9.389610690180099,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -12.599261880685187,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 40.296609059355056,
        "peer_top_exporter": "SAU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 42,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2846.65,
        "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 2.444446806346904,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.8995034246571,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 840710,
      "num_markets": 63,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "PHL",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 131553398.05825244,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "ZAF",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 156.7753001715266,
      "median_price_across_markets": 174583.33333333334,
      "price_spread_pct": 75352.69190431634,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 5.185133333333336,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 328134078
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 28280178.428483713,
        "active_destinations": 29,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 799.3631254603939
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 21192727.58836481,
        "active_destinations": 26,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -25.061549233297775
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 10526165.842321968,
        "active_destinations": 30,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -50.33123604107937
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 16714212.696995718,
        "active_destinations": 28,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 58.78728254303021
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 10501690.201536197,
        "active_destinations": 32,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -37.16910038231227
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 8739319.235226559,
        "active_destinations": 33,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -16.781784003224903
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 29939737.18780309,
        "active_destinations": 33,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 242.58660636999755
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 23527702.88458622,
        "active_destinations": 31,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -21.416468230820072
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 64909015.9140695,
        "active_destinations": 34,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 175.8833543269265
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 69542630.03454676,
        "active_destinations": 37,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 7.138629441881415
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 15997771.162266176,
        "active_destinations": 21,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -76.99573462447573
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 7196727.182901064,
        "active_destinations": 26,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -55.014188477230306
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 37680789.99466576,
        "active_destinations": 31,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 423.58230396995964
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 58537562.59110612,
        "active_destinations": 28,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 55.35120839927434
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 28712183.89005027,
        "active_destinations": 36,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -50.95083802752551
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "840710",
    "hs_description": "Engines: for aircraft, spark-ignition reciprocating or rotary internal combustion piston engines",
    "hs_chapter": 84,
    "hs_heading": 8407
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 840710,
      "corridor_rank": 63,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "FRA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 18,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 12073621.734880539,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 2318084.5489979517,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 11622805.02990525,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 8717957.201666204,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 6974789.691289855,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1423.5966846836538,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 463.7865239294844,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 87.22986425458932,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 22788431.280619677,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 128584902.32728657,
      "historical_peak_year": 2023,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 47.05882352941177,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 1336.3668204290645,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 24.0734,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 29.2681,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 48.2759,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 9.389610690180099,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -12.599261880685187,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 40.296609059355056,
      "peer_top_exporter": "SAU",
      "supplier_count_latest": 42,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 2846.65,
      "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 2.444446806346904,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.8995034246571,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 840710,
    "num_markets": 63,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "PHL",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 131553398.05825244,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "ZAF",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 156.7753001715266,
    "median_price_across_markets": 174583.33333333334,
    "price_spread_pct": 75352.69190431634,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 5.185133333333336,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 328134078
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 28280178.428483713,
      "active_destinations": 29,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 799.3631254603939
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 21192727.58836481,
      "active_destinations": 26,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -25.061549233297775
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 10526165.842321968,
      "active_destinations": 30,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -50.33123604107937
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 16714212.696995718,
      "active_destinations": 28,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 58.78728254303021
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 10501690.201536197,
      "active_destinations": 32,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -37.16910038231227
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 8739319.235226559,
      "active_destinations": 33,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -16.781784003224903
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 29939737.18780309,
      "active_destinations": 33,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 242.58660636999755
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 23527702.88458622,
      "active_destinations": 31,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -21.416468230820072
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 64909015.9140695,
      "active_destinations": 34,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 175.8833543269265
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 69542630.03454676,
      "active_destinations": 37,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 7.138629441881415
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 15997771.162266176,
      "active_destinations": 21,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -76.99573462447573
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 7196727.182901064,
      "active_destinations": 26,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -55.014188477230306
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 37680789.99466576,
      "active_destinations": 31,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 423.58230396995964
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 58537562.59110612,
      "active_destinations": 28,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 55.35120839927434
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 28712183.89005027,
      "active_destinations": 36,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -50.95083802752551
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}