{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/831190",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/831190",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/831190",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "831190",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 153,
    "current_lane_count": 101,
    "active_market_count": 101,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 9390266.520697324,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 9301830.601011323,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 11585410.315509759,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 10455256.60898215,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 11373865.559198119,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -2.6590673471787563,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 0.9837416863365478,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -4.812686963261193,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 10345062.73553965,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 76866911.59598531,
    "historical_peak_year": 2012,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 2.1536196160824366,
    "trend_label": "Stable",
    "top_market_iso3": "FRA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 2650902.37964818,
    "top_market_share_pct": 28.23032097976409,
    "destination_hhi": 1895.9449276770981,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 15.459007697053373,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": -3.686190306073398,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.9370021658263789,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 77.94397298314767,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 23.529411764705884,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 831190,
      "hs_description": "Tubes, plates and similar products: of agglomerated base metal powder, other, including parts",
      "hs_chapter": 83,
      "hs_heading": 8311,
      "substitution_elasticity": -4.987535,
      "price_range_label": "Unclassified",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Tubes, plates and similar products: of agglomerated base metal powder, other, including parts",
    "hs_chapter": 83,
    "hs_heading": 8311,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 831190,
        "corridor_rank": 32,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "FRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 2650902.37964818,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1579372.659166582,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 2551389.3451678627,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 2208788.1155136526,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 2341730.0382934413,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 7.490514542949245,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 5.595349657107507,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -0.9656815805922814,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 2925631.229905845,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 24953543.10305892,
        "historical_peak_year": 2023,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 8.456196123541526,
        "trend_label": "Growing",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -15.7519,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 6.0121,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 10.62335063481715,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.745841261476361,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 50.25817901720323,
        "peer_top_exporter": "GBR",
        "supplier_count_latest": 61,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2803.69,
        "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.592603593339735,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 57.0242650049318,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 831190,
        "corridor_rank": 47,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "DEU",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1817678.1245704354,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1900775.007881915,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1658466.3439399495,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1580487.181076599,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 2230951.278705397,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 10.136804044329772,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -4.933077623539206,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -8.23469986279931,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 4426545.183140558,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 31651156.853415653,
        "historical_peak_year": 2013,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 18.37150390712908,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -16.2394,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 8.3172,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 5.742848935944279,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.9062463536501397,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 20.24349967879429,
        "peer_top_exporter": "POL",
        "supplier_count_latest": 60,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1071.56,
        "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.694394072364705,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 69.95212518505053,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 831190,
      "num_markets": 125,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "SGP",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 2484000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "GMB",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 133.37078651685394,
      "median_price_across_markets": 16954.76069982649,
      "price_spread_pct": 14649.965712809513,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 21.669652173913047,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 59386959
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 27036895.641355906,
        "active_destinations": 78,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 171.77812034023108
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 15257262.496476533,
        "active_destinations": 80,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -43.56873400384447
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 35943240.94913297,
        "active_destinations": 91,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 135.58119261193548
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 20089944.155893885,
        "active_destinations": 85,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -44.10647558375367
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 15232730.18599213,
        "active_destinations": 94,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -24.177339330616164
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 17619121.413296573,
        "active_destinations": 90,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 15.666208211965483
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 11427263.6634003,
        "active_destinations": 100,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -35.14282922883704
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 11916548.666365145,
        "active_destinations": 96,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 4.2817337323890285
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 11641939.340904271,
        "active_destinations": 92,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -2.304436738767891
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 8857499.463104151,
        "active_destinations": 94,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -23.917319926388164
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 7434912.431182502,
        "active_destinations": 95,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -16.06081984929748
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 10085139.66719896,
        "active_destinations": 95,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 35.6457088169759
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 12797703.254606925,
        "active_destinations": 96,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 26.8966387865737
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 12656697.09091103,
        "active_destinations": 81,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -1.10180835491036
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 9301830.601011321,
        "active_destinations": 101,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -26.506650714655176
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "831190",
    "hs_description": "Tubes, plates and similar products: of agglomerated base metal powder, other, including parts",
    "hs_chapter": 83,
    "hs_heading": 8311
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 831190,
      "corridor_rank": 32,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "FRA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 2650902.37964818,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1579372.659166582,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 2551389.3451678627,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 2208788.1155136526,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 2341730.0382934413,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 7.490514542949245,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 5.595349657107507,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -0.9656815805922814,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 2925631.229905845,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 24953543.10305892,
      "historical_peak_year": 2023,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 8.456196123541526,
      "trend_label": "Growing",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -15.7519,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 6.0121,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 10.62335063481715,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.745841261476361,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 50.25817901720323,
      "peer_top_exporter": "GBR",
      "supplier_count_latest": 61,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 2803.69,
      "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.592603593339735,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 57.0242650049318,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 831190,
      "corridor_rank": 47,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1817678.1245704354,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1900775.007881915,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1658466.3439399495,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1580487.181076599,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 2230951.278705397,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 10.136804044329772,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -4.933077623539206,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -8.23469986279931,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 4426545.183140558,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 31651156.853415653,
      "historical_peak_year": 2013,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 18.37150390712908,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -16.2394,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 8.3172,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 5.742848935944279,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.9062463536501397,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 20.24349967879429,
      "peer_top_exporter": "POL",
      "supplier_count_latest": 60,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1071.56,
      "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.694394072364705,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 69.95212518505053,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 831190,
    "num_markets": 125,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "SGP",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 2484000,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "GMB",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 133.37078651685394,
    "median_price_across_markets": 16954.76069982649,
    "price_spread_pct": 14649.965712809513,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 21.669652173913047,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 59386959
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 27036895.641355906,
      "active_destinations": 78,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 171.77812034023108
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 15257262.496476533,
      "active_destinations": 80,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -43.56873400384447
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 35943240.94913297,
      "active_destinations": 91,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 135.58119261193548
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 20089944.155893885,
      "active_destinations": 85,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -44.10647558375367
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 15232730.18599213,
      "active_destinations": 94,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -24.177339330616164
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 17619121.413296573,
      "active_destinations": 90,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 15.666208211965483
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 11427263.6634003,
      "active_destinations": 100,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -35.14282922883704
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 11916548.666365145,
      "active_destinations": 96,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 4.2817337323890285
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 11641939.340904271,
      "active_destinations": 92,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -2.304436738767891
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 8857499.463104151,
      "active_destinations": 94,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -23.917319926388164
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 7434912.431182502,
      "active_destinations": 95,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -16.06081984929748
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 10085139.66719896,
      "active_destinations": 95,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 35.6457088169759
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 12797703.254606925,
      "active_destinations": 96,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 26.8966387865737
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 12656697.09091103,
      "active_destinations": 81,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -1.10180835491036
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 9301830.601011321,
      "active_destinations": 101,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -26.506650714655176
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}