{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/831000",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/831000",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/831000",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "831000",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 180,
    "current_lane_count": 127,
    "active_market_count": 127,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 15634992.899187477,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 15282485.473686654,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 16950601.688781317,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 16665682.483899578,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 14749582.830497652,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -7.847342661131352,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 0.4033202429453153,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 2.662306605798026,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 11626382.344139153,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 45052974.20434762,
    "historical_peak_year": 2021,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -10.509649266929378,
    "trend_label": "Declining",
    "top_market_iso3": "FRA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 4115444.388302037,
    "top_market_share_pct": 26.322009960848202,
    "destination_hhi": 1073.9727486070324,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 10.24638333512562,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": -1.3462503078398658,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.9166348472797962,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 87.86032078978009,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 16.666666666666668,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 831000,
      "hs_description": "Sign plates, name-plates, address-plates and similar plates, numbers, letters and other symbols: of base metal, excluding those of heading no. 9405",
      "hs_chapter": 83,
      "hs_heading": 8310,
      "substitution_elasticity": -4.2506838,
      "price_range_label": "Low price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Sign plates, name-plates, address-plates and similar plates, numbers, letters and other symbols: of base metal, excluding those of heading no. 9405",
    "hs_chapter": 83,
    "hs_heading": 8310,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 831000,
        "corridor_rank": 50,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "FRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 4115444.388302037,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 2495204.0273896144,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 5178226.229827528,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 5149718.578537801,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 3756786.8079052223,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -16.151459153657743,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 7.679701693176733,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 8.82884451889474,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 6981202.082443086,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 38163713.196141094,
        "historical_peak_year": 2021,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -24.980303672552484,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -2.9441,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 4.894,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 10.783658202101174,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -2.776352208356366,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 21.794043056132637,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 80,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1202.92,
        "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.608223336712324,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 90.79857572732548,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Stable",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 831000,
        "corridor_rank": 93,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "ITA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1789752.111189406,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 368388.72207907686,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1066103.0594114293,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 864974.2088501208,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 763746.3699074984,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 27.793500849945563,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 38.054936492336736,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 6.2613408165729245,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1789752.111189406,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 37735782.80162968,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 21.532160033372637,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 24.1778,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 11.6778,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 4.742851421945624,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 2.273181216341926,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 34.968786061766096,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 57,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2058.11,
        "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.123127731529369,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 92.22727912541586,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 831000,
      "num_markets": 156,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "MOZ",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 52000000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "HUN",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 180.75736145043075,
      "median_price_across_markets": 28919.396329960553,
      "price_spread_pct": 179809.49065927297,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 7.473030546623793,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 79848037
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 9743225.341665149,
        "active_destinations": 113,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 0.3071243796811274
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 11729976.524775386,
        "active_destinations": 121,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 20.391103699657375
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 12972249.264062354,
        "active_destinations": 127,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 10.590581632138061
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 11200321.15894688,
        "active_destinations": 119,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -13.659374477364791
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 11751243.202936731,
        "active_destinations": 131,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 4.9188057750448735
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 9592995.417328462,
        "active_destinations": 130,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -18.366123041934028
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 10580471.522416104,
        "active_destinations": 132,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 10.293720179454043
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 13417769.947247384,
        "active_destinations": 136,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 26.816370317902138
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 15598186.184693819,
        "active_destinations": 139,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 16.250213306822577
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 14977992.813792873,
        "active_destinations": 132,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -3.976060828851555
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 12948039.18024885,
        "active_destinations": 127,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -13.552908315423204
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 19528568.172905106,
        "active_destinations": 129,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 50.82259098114488
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 17954252.89123138,
        "active_destinations": 131,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -8.061601176977264
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 17615066.701425906,
        "active_destinations": 130,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -1.8891690557122995
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 15282485.473686654,
        "active_destinations": 127,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -13.24196647833547
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "831000",
    "hs_description": "Sign plates, name-plates, address-plates and similar plates, numbers, letters and other symbols: of base metal, excluding those of heading no. 9405",
    "hs_chapter": 83,
    "hs_heading": 8310
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 831000,
      "corridor_rank": 50,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "FRA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 4115444.388302037,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 2495204.0273896144,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 5178226.229827528,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 5149718.578537801,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 3756786.8079052223,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -16.151459153657743,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 7.679701693176733,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 8.82884451889474,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 6981202.082443086,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 38163713.196141094,
      "historical_peak_year": 2021,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -24.980303672552484,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -2.9441,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 4.894,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 10.783658202101174,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -2.776352208356366,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 21.794043056132637,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 80,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1202.92,
      "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.608223336712324,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 90.79857572732548,
      "attention_level": "Stable",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
      "signal_flag": "Stable",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 831000,
      "corridor_rank": 93,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "ITA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1789752.111189406,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 368388.72207907686,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1066103.0594114293,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 864974.2088501208,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 763746.3699074984,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 27.793500849945563,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 38.054936492336736,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 6.2613408165729245,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1789752.111189406,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 37735782.80162968,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 21.532160033372637,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 24.1778,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 11.6778,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 4.742851421945624,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 2.273181216341926,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 34.968786061766096,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 57,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 2058.11,
      "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 1.123127731529369,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 92.22727912541586,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 831000,
    "num_markets": 156,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "MOZ",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 52000000,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "HUN",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 180.75736145043075,
    "median_price_across_markets": 28919.396329960553,
    "price_spread_pct": 179809.49065927297,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 7.473030546623793,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 79848037
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 9743225.341665149,
      "active_destinations": 113,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 0.3071243796811274
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 11729976.524775386,
      "active_destinations": 121,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 20.391103699657375
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 12972249.264062354,
      "active_destinations": 127,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 10.590581632138061
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 11200321.15894688,
      "active_destinations": 119,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -13.659374477364791
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 11751243.202936731,
      "active_destinations": 131,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 4.9188057750448735
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 9592995.417328462,
      "active_destinations": 130,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -18.366123041934028
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 10580471.522416104,
      "active_destinations": 132,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 10.293720179454043
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 13417769.947247384,
      "active_destinations": 136,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 26.816370317902138
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 15598186.184693819,
      "active_destinations": 139,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 16.250213306822577
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 14977992.813792873,
      "active_destinations": 132,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -3.976060828851555
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 12948039.18024885,
      "active_destinations": 127,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -13.552908315423204
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 19528568.172905106,
      "active_destinations": 129,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 50.82259098114488
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 17954252.89123138,
      "active_destinations": 131,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -8.061601176977264
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 17615066.701425906,
      "active_destinations": 130,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -1.8891690557122995
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 15282485.473686654,
      "active_destinations": 127,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -13.24196647833547
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}