{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/830710",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/830710",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/830710",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "830710",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 164,
    "current_lane_count": 123,
    "active_market_count": 123,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 76527425.1707162,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 74700587.85728699,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 74313906.6541066,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 70405875.84295979,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 65407775.28190346,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 3.5329415868643244,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 1.665299030516021,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 3.756349418893268,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 42289806.89073297,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 128762310.73352207,
    "historical_peak_year": 2023,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68.96551724137932,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -0.22340783202894343,
    "trend_label": "Growing",
    "top_market_iso3": "DEU",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 31560733.813103333,
    "top_market_share_pct": 41.24107631048364,
    "destination_hhi": 1949.7346346269417,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 12.953209363140441,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 0.9238947214274761,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.790555702558438,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 63.11193405842964,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 18.902439024390244,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 830710,
      "hs_description": "Tubing: flexible, with or without fittings, of iron or steel",
      "hs_chapter": 83,
      "hs_heading": 8307,
      "substitution_elasticity": -3.9736395,
      "price_range_label": "Medium price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Tubing: flexible, with or without fittings, of iron or steel",
    "hs_chapter": 83,
    "hs_heading": 8307,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 830710,
        "corridor_rank": 11,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "DEU",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 31560733.813103333,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 16054590.172003977,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 29772930.9476433,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 27249869.71490588,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 26697450.14452994,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 9.261647636442373,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 3.4337946641041395,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 5.271327232488421,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 32712900.35155476,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 155741021.05185655,
        "historical_peak_year": 2023,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 3.9903204039539517,
        "trend_label": "Growing",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -13.2088,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 7.5298,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 79.3103,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 20.264881788976247,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 2.0346761993173637,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 21.224739545834336,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CZE",
        "supplier_count_latest": 73,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1113.33,
        "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.5738744610435541,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 42.7433318548122,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 830710,
        "corridor_rank": 60,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "FRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 9145441.391197983,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 5708694.984841604,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 10291576.946584634,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 10073574.089411043,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 9000318.865396604,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -2.4540754710506985,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 1.193946538685231,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 3.4905166378451646,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 11749203.742202835,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 99316995.91776368,
        "historical_peak_year": 2023,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -5.944592108895863,
        "trend_label": "Stable",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 3.471,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 6.764,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 72.4138,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 9.208334693057548,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -3.032285190113029,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 21.92554507756569,
        "peer_top_exporter": "USA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 61,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1138.83,
        "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.5384854891811784,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 30.665984271275214,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 830710,
      "num_markets": 141,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "BRN",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 6825000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "TZA",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 60.81081081081081,
      "median_price_across_markets": 18000,
      "price_spread_pct": 37916.32882882883,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 55.34442704626335,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 326938496
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 37211102.462039046,
        "active_destinations": 95,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -9.232688317226835
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 44813538.26020662,
        "active_destinations": 100,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 20.430557804416587
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 49492571.62349353,
        "active_destinations": 105,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 10.441115664910097
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 48011032.289083935,
        "active_destinations": 113,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -2.9934579792704197
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 51662710.63679716,
        "active_destinations": 111,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 7.605915085778089
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 50952050.817035936,
        "active_destinations": 114,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -1.375575944431865
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 55624464.83318435,
        "active_destinations": 109,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 9.170217765967092
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 56951461.67195401,
        "active_destinations": 117,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 2.3856352465579307
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 69740691.4735094,
        "active_destinations": 120,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 22.45636797738854
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 68779704.8085519,
        "active_destinations": 119,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -1.377942553555744
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 61776300.19457971,
        "active_destinations": 118,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -10.18237085120696
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 67311359.05789949,
        "active_destinations": 116,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 8.959841955387004
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 68337941.07575181,
        "active_destinations": 119,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1.5251244845157295
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 79903191.02928095,
        "active_destinations": 117,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 16.9236148638268
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 74700587.85728697,
        "active_destinations": 123,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -6.511133166242947
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "830710",
    "hs_description": "Tubing: flexible, with or without fittings, of iron or steel",
    "hs_chapter": 83,
    "hs_heading": 8307
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 830710,
      "corridor_rank": 11,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 31560733.813103333,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 16054590.172003977,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 29772930.9476433,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 27249869.71490588,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 26697450.14452994,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 9.261647636442373,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 3.4337946641041395,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 5.271327232488421,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 32712900.35155476,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 155741021.05185655,
      "historical_peak_year": 2023,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 3.9903204039539517,
      "trend_label": "Growing",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -13.2088,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 7.5298,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 79.3103,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 20.264881788976247,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 2.0346761993173637,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 21.224739545834336,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CZE",
      "supplier_count_latest": 73,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1113.33,
      "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.5738744610435541,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 42.7433318548122,
      "attention_level": "Stable",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 830710,
      "corridor_rank": 60,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "FRA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 9145441.391197983,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 5708694.984841604,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 10291576.946584634,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 10073574.089411043,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 9000318.865396604,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -2.4540754710506985,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 1.193946538685231,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 3.4905166378451646,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 11749203.742202835,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 99316995.91776368,
      "historical_peak_year": 2023,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -5.944592108895863,
      "trend_label": "Stable",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 3.471,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 6.764,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 72.4138,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 9.208334693057548,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -3.032285190113029,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 21.92554507756569,
      "peer_top_exporter": "USA",
      "supplier_count_latest": 61,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1138.83,
      "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.5384854891811784,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 30.665984271275214,
      "attention_level": "Stable",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 830710,
    "num_markets": 141,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "BRN",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 6825000,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "TZA",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 60.81081081081081,
    "median_price_across_markets": 18000,
    "price_spread_pct": 37916.32882882883,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 55.34442704626335,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 326938496
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 37211102.462039046,
      "active_destinations": 95,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -9.232688317226835
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 44813538.26020662,
      "active_destinations": 100,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 20.430557804416587
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 49492571.62349353,
      "active_destinations": 105,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 10.441115664910097
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 48011032.289083935,
      "active_destinations": 113,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -2.9934579792704197
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 51662710.63679716,
      "active_destinations": 111,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 7.605915085778089
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 50952050.817035936,
      "active_destinations": 114,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -1.375575944431865
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 55624464.83318435,
      "active_destinations": 109,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 9.170217765967092
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 56951461.67195401,
      "active_destinations": 117,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 2.3856352465579307
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 69740691.4735094,
      "active_destinations": 120,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 22.45636797738854
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 68779704.8085519,
      "active_destinations": 119,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -1.377942553555744
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 61776300.19457971,
      "active_destinations": 118,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -10.18237085120696
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 67311359.05789949,
      "active_destinations": 116,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 8.959841955387004
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 68337941.07575181,
      "active_destinations": 119,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1.5251244845157295
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 79903191.02928095,
      "active_destinations": 117,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 16.9236148638268
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 74700587.85728697,
      "active_destinations": 123,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -6.511133166242947
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}