{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/830510",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/830510",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/830510",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "830510",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 128,
    "current_lane_count": 45,
    "active_market_count": 45,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 1914481.6638174371,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 1667338.6822974223,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1321959.4707615913,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 998723.9022255115,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 747017.4881490557,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 43.672931086455094,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 24.212580736213575,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 17.82302072333881,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 1011176.3761022986,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 4596049.445578026,
    "historical_peak_year": 2024,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 25.849910363116283,
    "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
    "top_market_iso3": "PRT",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 1110536.676163494,
    "top_market_share_pct": 58.00717223632774,
    "destination_hhi": 3733.1988851941587,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 39.549534466569014,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 15.182443771352613,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.1041711193788544,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 82.8006449770768,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 35.9375,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 830510,
      "hs_description": "Stationery: fittings for loose-leaf binders or files, of base metal",
      "hs_chapter": 83,
      "hs_heading": 8305,
      "substitution_elasticity": -2.2761643,
      "price_range_label": "Low price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Stationery: fittings for loose-leaf binders or files, of base metal",
    "hs_chapter": 83,
    "hs_heading": 8305,
    "destinations": [],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 830510,
      "num_markets": 81,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "UGA",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 447000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "SRB",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 238.41059602649008,
      "median_price_across_markets": 8883.048817011082,
      "price_spread_pct": 5029.37221901137,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 5.925654708520177,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 4096658
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 441686.67013126926,
        "active_destinations": 45,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -21.042797471502062
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 400828.1666001011,
        "active_destinations": 47,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -9.250562965602972
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 313961.93607793003,
        "active_destinations": 74,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -21.6716882096851
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 528610.1883378902,
        "active_destinations": 45,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 68.36760371062347
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 323386.8059857976,
        "active_destinations": 45,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -38.82319843236029
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 335795.4093280379,
        "active_destinations": 59,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 3.837077800504089
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 359173.38714716263,
        "active_destinations": 47,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 6.9619706433469615
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 704827.0153582132,
        "active_destinations": 55,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 96.23586840787493
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 512867.601221486,
        "active_destinations": 53,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -27.234968290647593
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 563891.9573081003,
        "active_destinations": 50,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 9.948835911079327
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 465530.57585226477,
        "active_destinations": 43,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -17.44330277831799
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 562210.5229905185,
        "active_destinations": 51,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 20.767690062303217
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 1043659.6063028782,
        "active_destinations": 51,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 85.63501813367503
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 1254880.1236844736,
        "active_destinations": 48,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 20.238449021691608
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 1667338.6822974226,
        "active_destinations": 45,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 32.86836334628704
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "830510",
    "hs_description": "Stationery: fittings for loose-leaf binders or files, of base metal",
    "hs_chapter": 83,
    "hs_heading": 8305
  },
  "destinations": [],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 830510,
    "num_markets": 81,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "UGA",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 447000,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "SRB",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 238.41059602649008,
    "median_price_across_markets": 8883.048817011082,
    "price_spread_pct": 5029.37221901137,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 5.925654708520177,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 4096658
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 441686.67013126926,
      "active_destinations": 45,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -21.042797471502062
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 400828.1666001011,
      "active_destinations": 47,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -9.250562965602972
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 313961.93607793003,
      "active_destinations": 74,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -21.6716882096851
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 528610.1883378902,
      "active_destinations": 45,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 68.36760371062347
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 323386.8059857976,
      "active_destinations": 45,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -38.82319843236029
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 335795.4093280379,
      "active_destinations": 59,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 3.837077800504089
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 359173.38714716263,
      "active_destinations": 47,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 6.9619706433469615
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 704827.0153582132,
      "active_destinations": 55,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 96.23586840787493
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 512867.601221486,
      "active_destinations": 53,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -27.234968290647593
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 563891.9573081003,
      "active_destinations": 50,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 9.948835911079327
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 465530.57585226477,
      "active_destinations": 43,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -17.44330277831799
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 562210.5229905185,
      "active_destinations": 51,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 20.767690062303217
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 1043659.6063028782,
      "active_destinations": 51,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 85.63501813367503
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 1254880.1236844736,
      "active_destinations": 48,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 20.238449021691608
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 1667338.6822974226,
      "active_destinations": 45,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 32.86836334628704
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}