{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/830220",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/830220",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/830220",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "830220",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 161,
    "current_lane_count": 116,
    "active_market_count": 116,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 16956438.48574302,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 16691277.5251405,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 18028025.733217157,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 18185729.476228263,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 15466698.899759073,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -3.6715127888598986,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 2.842727272413148,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 10.069838494235439,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 8751289.045847954,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 37346145.64950507,
    "historical_peak_year": 2022,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -13.741351283095337,
    "trend_label": "Declining",
    "top_market_iso3": "PRT",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 4789495.965450015,
    "top_market_share_pct": 28.245884119339244,
    "destination_hhi": 1055.3268895686667,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 21.884401212037307,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": -0.8145322628955494,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.0413010572294124,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 77.55307749803518,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 17.391304347826086,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 830220,
      "hs_description": "Castors: with mountings, of base metal",
      "hs_chapter": 83,
      "hs_heading": 8302,
      "substitution_elasticity": -1.0513027,
      "price_range_label": "Low price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Castors: with mountings, of base metal",
    "hs_chapter": 83,
    "hs_heading": 8302,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 830220,
        "corridor_rank": 96,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "MEX",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1654585.05632948,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 375606.04172895086,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1222074.2695521463,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 997393.5820165606,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 702771.8325113435,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 33.91005075183253,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 28.584211839114502,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 17.24920211888794,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1654585.05632948,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 40183316.73989428,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 72.41379310344827,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 16.66084863294459,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 4.2586,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 10.2236,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 75.8621,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 4.117592052043817,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 1.2789112560360802,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 55.44838912984884,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 55,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3515.83,
        "distance_km": 9073.951171875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.10968114655848483,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.13100950524598787,
        "volatility_cv": 0.9580491808391092,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 65.03368958644667,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 830220,
      "num_markets": 136,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 7052500,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "GMB",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 30.000000000000004,
      "median_price_across_markets": 11702.686768297819,
      "price_spread_pct": 60263.682516949026,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 10.89851595744681,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 73346642
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 4713343.113894554,
        "active_destinations": 89,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 12.900189853847706
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 6000789.649351875,
        "active_destinations": 95,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 27.314933463299823
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 5200555.405660757,
        "active_destinations": 99,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -13.335482335688088
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 7378440.804208792,
        "active_destinations": 106,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 41.87793857897229
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 6394495.496630348,
        "active_destinations": 105,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -13.335409657514417
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 8312374.150934602,
        "active_destinations": 111,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 29.992650011480993
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 13148423.588981759,
        "active_destinations": 118,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 58.178919165993214
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 15244648.15178659,
        "active_destinations": 120,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 15.942782407477695
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 12524424.503952071,
        "active_destinations": 120,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -17.8437942335568
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 14508471.220794406,
        "active_destinations": 120,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 15.841420228260953
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 18171085.992139872,
        "active_destinations": 115,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 25.24466372512073
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 18673484.189349964,
        "active_destinations": 119,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 2.7648220773783727
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 18913392.261182413,
        "active_destinations": 118,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1.2847525903563024
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 18479407.413328562,
        "active_destinations": 117,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -2.2945902134359852
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 16691277.525140505,
        "active_destinations": 116,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -9.676337818594442
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "830220",
    "hs_description": "Castors: with mountings, of base metal",
    "hs_chapter": 83,
    "hs_heading": 8302
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 830220,
      "corridor_rank": 96,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "MEX",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1654585.05632948,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 375606.04172895086,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1222074.2695521463,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 997393.5820165606,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 702771.8325113435,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 33.91005075183253,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 28.584211839114502,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 17.24920211888794,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1654585.05632948,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 40183316.73989428,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 72.41379310344827,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 16.66084863294459,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 4.2586,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 10.2236,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 75.8621,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 4.117592052043817,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 1.2789112560360802,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 55.44838912984884,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 55,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 3515.83,
      "distance_km": 9073.951171875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.10968114655848483,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.13100950524598787,
      "volatility_cv": 0.9580491808391092,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 65.03368958644667,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 830220,
    "num_markets": 136,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "KOR",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 7052500,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "GMB",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 30.000000000000004,
    "median_price_across_markets": 11702.686768297819,
    "price_spread_pct": 60263.682516949026,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 10.89851595744681,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 73346642
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 4713343.113894554,
      "active_destinations": 89,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 12.900189853847706
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 6000789.649351875,
      "active_destinations": 95,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 27.314933463299823
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 5200555.405660757,
      "active_destinations": 99,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -13.335482335688088
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 7378440.804208792,
      "active_destinations": 106,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 41.87793857897229
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 6394495.496630348,
      "active_destinations": 105,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -13.335409657514417
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 8312374.150934602,
      "active_destinations": 111,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 29.992650011480993
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 13148423.588981759,
      "active_destinations": 118,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 58.178919165993214
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 15244648.15178659,
      "active_destinations": 120,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 15.942782407477695
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 12524424.503952071,
      "active_destinations": 120,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -17.8437942335568
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 14508471.220794406,
      "active_destinations": 120,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 15.841420228260953
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 18171085.992139872,
      "active_destinations": 115,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 25.24466372512073
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 18673484.189349964,
      "active_destinations": 119,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 2.7648220773783727
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 18913392.261182413,
      "active_destinations": 118,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1.2847525903563024
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 18479407.413328562,
      "active_destinations": 117,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -2.2945902134359852
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 16691277.525140505,
      "active_destinations": 116,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -9.676337818594442
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}