{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/820420",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/820420",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/820420",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "820420",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 168,
    "current_lane_count": 124,
    "active_market_count": 124,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 17294918.028174322,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 17101218.309715405,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 17517185.506891172,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 16397668.441282192,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 12268448.586730983,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.05263068147582928,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 11.971098322049144,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 13.282806822067418,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 6719746.580215429,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 30660055.32518206,
    "historical_peak_year": 2022,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -13.230176140591588,
    "trend_label": "Stable",
    "top_market_iso3": "NLD",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 7227291.718647879,
    "top_market_share_pct": 41.78852832302671,
    "destination_hhi": 2154.873485796179,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 9.102882204576474,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 1.9541667110904595,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.484073269425681,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 92.46795891445679,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 22.023809523809526,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 820420,
      "hs_description": "Tools, hand: interchangeable spanner sockets, with or without handles",
      "hs_chapter": 82,
      "hs_heading": 8204,
      "substitution_elasticity": null,
      "price_range_label": "High price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Tools, hand: interchangeable spanner sockets, with or without handles",
    "hs_chapter": 82,
    "hs_heading": 8204,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 820420,
        "corridor_rank": 38,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "NLD",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 7227291.718647879,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1191324.901604609,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 7390550.16628269,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 6493516.924791023,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 3333112.333728583,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -0.520284835963547,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 71.91694674531126,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 73.025570166197,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 10291545.416292764,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 48080137.76081759,
        "historical_peak_year": 2022,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -73.54585500216055,
        "trend_label": "Stable",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 6.6858,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 5.7564,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 15.031761669654955,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 4.707553737085249,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 22.38765874199523,
        "peer_top_exporter": "TWN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 73,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1526.39,
        "distance_km": 1481.3658447265625,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 2.173095563842564,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 100,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 820420,
        "corridor_rank": 80,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "DEU",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 2282547.4413845544,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 971270.9133979956,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1933814.320589143,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1837218.5301819923,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1815134.13333236,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 7.232873931183459,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 5.011136813457995,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 6.239852864684958,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 2282547.4413845544,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 101498170.42629638,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 0.9930210664985006,
        "trend_label": "Growing",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 4.3846,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 5.6847,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 2.2488557496137753,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.5536989957538179,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 31.898146906503193,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 85,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1835.6,
        "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.7731772694829552,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 78.93828669024057,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 820420,
        "corridor_rank": 94,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "ITA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1654414.802177045,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 479391.89788548095,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1566679.4641506448,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1529665.95372741,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1213201.6325332485,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.4133398770576964,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 10.52741902105927,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 11.891494633860034,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1693803.5139912528,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 28021074.81238304,
        "historical_peak_year": 2023,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -9.478154756802338,
        "trend_label": "Stable",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 3.2741,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 7.7707,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 5.904180382994903,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.3384782252195597,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 29.954629445897947,
        "peer_top_exporter": "TWN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 52,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1941.91,
        "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.201657019296482,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 92.31331214385966,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 820420,
        "corridor_rank": 96,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "FRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1594407.057658564,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 868905.6419311999,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 2894164.076991966,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 2905755.5268563083,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1929915.7881335379,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -17.55927804167534,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 0.4709491798163157,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 19.48703511636609,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 4015536.2269215747,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 56031354.06306821,
        "historical_peak_year": 2022,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -37.04631315804143,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 0.476,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 8.0091,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 2.8455622469232478,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -2.664166643235037,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 27.585797458512772,
        "peer_top_exporter": "TWN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 78,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1772.55,
        "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.1687908094442552,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 92.37074324490713,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 820420,
      "num_markets": 143,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 2295500,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "BEN",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 98.70550161812298,
      "median_price_across_markets": 21420.200462606015,
      "price_spread_pct": 10716.058883321577,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 10.078542039355995,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 73989567
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 5194396.7208643025,
        "active_destinations": 92,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 31.060480535140783
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 5141305.8569227215,
        "active_destinations": 92,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -1.0220794982472408
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 3242669.151269051,
        "active_destinations": 96,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -36.92907519005456
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 3620964.4391706167,
        "active_destinations": 104,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 11.666169758746934
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 4913455.653195801,
        "active_destinations": 106,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 35.69466742184383
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 5627297.008090512,
        "active_destinations": 110,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 14.528295466153546
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 7364426.687269183,
        "active_destinations": 117,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 30.869699549910983
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 8198051.6798649635,
        "active_destinations": 118,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 11.319618321910388
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 9790147.832360743,
        "active_destinations": 119,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 19.42042103010997
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 9716220.453313464,
        "active_destinations": 119,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -0.7551201505141304
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 12362540.442036662,
        "active_destinations": 120,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 27.236104835607545
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 17074245.243700795,
        "active_destinations": 120,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 38.112755414273934
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 20959783.47482568,
        "active_destinations": 120,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 22.75672028641136
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 14490554.736132436,
        "active_destinations": 117,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -30.864959776246202
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 17101218.3097154,
        "active_destinations": 124,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 18.016312150377743
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "820420",
    "hs_description": "Tools, hand: interchangeable spanner sockets, with or without handles",
    "hs_chapter": 82,
    "hs_heading": 8204
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 820420,
      "corridor_rank": 38,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 7227291.718647879,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1191324.901604609,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 7390550.16628269,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 6493516.924791023,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 3333112.333728583,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -0.520284835963547,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 71.91694674531126,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 73.025570166197,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 10291545.416292764,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 48080137.76081759,
      "historical_peak_year": 2022,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -73.54585500216055,
      "trend_label": "Stable",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 6.6858,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 5.7564,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 15.031761669654955,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 4.707553737085249,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 22.38765874199523,
      "peer_top_exporter": "TWN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 73,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1526.39,
      "distance_km": 1481.3658447265625,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 2.173095563842564,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 100,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 820420,
      "corridor_rank": 80,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 2282547.4413845544,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 971270.9133979956,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1933814.320589143,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1837218.5301819923,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1815134.13333236,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 7.232873931183459,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 5.011136813457995,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 6.239852864684958,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 2282547.4413845544,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 101498170.42629638,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 0.9930210664985006,
      "trend_label": "Growing",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 4.3846,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 5.6847,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 2.2488557496137753,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.5536989957538179,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 31.898146906503193,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 85,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1835.6,
      "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.7731772694829552,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 78.93828669024057,
      "attention_level": "Stable",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 820420,
      "corridor_rank": 94,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "ITA",
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