{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/761610",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/761610",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/761610",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "761610",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 173,
    "current_lane_count": 127,
    "active_market_count": 127,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 40561588.08387232,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 39885141.417218424,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 43268923.54143547,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 41579222.89043438,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 40536910.92084626,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -2.6616183767768087,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -3.347131789415403,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -0.37137928809563014,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 28549024.582929976,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 92093706.27571417,
    "historical_peak_year": 2019,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 79.3103448275862,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -2.2902390886811785,
    "trend_label": "Stable",
    "top_market_iso3": "FRA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 7697221.481741546,
    "top_market_share_pct": 18.9766275073486,
    "destination_hhi": 608.3105000731481,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 14.151412972333356,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": -0.014087307159616503,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.8594996018579245,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 75.88292994407165,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 20.23121387283237,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 761610,
      "hs_description": "Aluminium: nails, tacks, staples (other than those of heading no. 8305) screws, bolts, nuts, screw hooks, rivets, cotters, cotter-pins, washers and similar articles",
      "hs_chapter": 76,
      "hs_heading": 7616,
      "substitution_elasticity": -5.0318766,
      "price_range_label": "Low price range",
      "trade_type_label": "Two-way vertical trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Aluminium: nails, tacks, staples (other than those of heading no. 8305) screws, bolts, nuts, screw hooks, rivets, cotters, cotter-pins, washers and similar articles",
    "hs_chapter": 76,
    "hs_heading": 7616,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 761610,
        "corridor_rank": 32,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "FRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 7697221.481741546,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 5233430.693332093,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 9147292.965808235,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 8399196.576364512,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 7755005.903887967,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -3.459458922261738,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -3.1424913609311766,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 3.0592235652217026,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 10647998.547875267,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 71013127.96201347,
        "historical_peak_year": 2023,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -6.51868248748344,
        "trend_label": "Declining",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -7.2549,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 8.0375,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 10.839152847708613,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -3.067431674957513,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 20.633076819434702,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 75,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1262.52,
        "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.44913279882521706,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 56.019815609474335,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 761610,
        "corridor_rank": 65,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "DEU",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 3757340.2763940175,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1984618.0791131905,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 3459531.150380222,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 3541536.3787470446,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 3717756.7324808715,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9839203311058604,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -7.842862686310115,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 8.23285509133953,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 5652435.940087378,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 94858028.05187325,
        "historical_peak_year": 2019,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -5.24893476023367,
        "trend_label": "Stable",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -2.4613,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 8.4346,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 3.9610145325172805,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.13953227485385566,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 19.14580037139563,
        "peer_top_exporter": "FRA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 72,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1028.13,
        "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.7414308913389508,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 72.64055302288466,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 761610,
      "num_markets": 144,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "OMN",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 7243437.5,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "MOZ",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 50,
      "median_price_across_markets": 10556.368732482093,
      "price_spread_pct": 68616.27974127122,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 31.097361344537816,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 225600820
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 25319737.36177791,
        "active_destinations": 111,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 13.07204756947612
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 31583498.57350805,
        "active_destinations": 111,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 24.73865001927615
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 34393622.3235846,
        "active_destinations": 120,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 8.89744289580907
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 34924255.80139445,
        "active_destinations": 114,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1.5428252157260482
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 41397103.7350672,
        "active_destinations": 123,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 18.533960953906167
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 32542581.13507692,
        "active_destinations": 119,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -21.389232098596494
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 34796002.734297454,
        "active_destinations": 120,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 6.92453247597997
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 39555771.31617681,
        "active_destinations": 121,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 13.679067156721949
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 43292114.08091749,
        "active_destinations": 120,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 9.445758837251294
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 47286525.48982191,
        "active_destinations": 125,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 9.226648995330756
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 34842066.380457774,
        "active_destinations": 120,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -26.317135760043776
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 43247277.44740772,
        "active_destinations": 126,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 24.123744485098236
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 46396799.74496868,
        "active_destinations": 125,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 7.282590913129827
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 43524829.46211933,
        "active_destinations": 127,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -6.190018058650238
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 39885141.417218424,
        "active_destinations": 127,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -8.362325803180031
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "761610",
    "hs_description": "Aluminium: nails, tacks, staples (other than those of heading no. 8305) screws, bolts, nuts, screw hooks, rivets, cotters, cotter-pins, washers and similar articles",
    "hs_chapter": 76,
    "hs_heading": 7616
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 761610,
      "corridor_rank": 32,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "FRA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 7697221.481741546,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 5233430.693332093,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 9147292.965808235,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 8399196.576364512,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 7755005.903887967,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -3.459458922261738,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -3.1424913609311766,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 3.0592235652217026,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 10647998.547875267,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 71013127.96201347,
      "historical_peak_year": 2023,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -6.51868248748344,
      "trend_label": "Declining",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -7.2549,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 8.0375,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 10.839152847708613,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -3.067431674957513,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 20.633076819434702,
      "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
      "supplier_count_latest": 75,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1262.52,
      "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.44913279882521706,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 56.019815609474335,
      "attention_level": "Stable",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 761610,
      "corridor_rank": 65,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 3757340.2763940175,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1984618.0791131905,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 3459531.150380222,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 3541536.3787470446,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 3717756.7324808715,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9839203311058604,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -7.842862686310115,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 8.23285509133953,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 5652435.940087378,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 94858028.05187325,
      "historical_peak_year": 2019,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -5.24893476023367,
      "trend_label": "Stable",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -2.4613,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 8.4346,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 3.9610145325172805,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.13953227485385566,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 19.14580037139563,
      "peer_top_exporter": "FRA",
      "supplier_count_latest": 72,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1028.13,
      "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.7414308913389508,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 72.64055302288466,
      "attention_level": "Stable",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 761610,
    "num_markets": 144,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "OMN",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 7243437.5,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "MOZ",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 50,
    "median_price_across_markets": 10556.368732482093,
    "price_spread_pct": 68616.27974127122,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 31.097361344537816,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 225600820
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 25319737.36177791,
      "active_destinations": 111,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 13.07204756947612
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 31583498.57350805,
      "active_destinations": 111,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 24.73865001927615
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 34393622.3235846,
      "active_destinations": 120,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 8.89744289580907
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 34924255.80139445,
      "active_destinations": 114,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1.5428252157260482
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 41397103.7350672,
      "active_destinations": 123,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 18.533960953906167
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 32542581.13507692,
      "active_destinations": 119,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -21.389232098596494
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 34796002.734297454,
      "active_destinations": 120,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 6.92453247597997
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 39555771.31617681,
      "active_destinations": 121,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 13.679067156721949
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 43292114.08091749,
      "active_destinations": 120,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 9.445758837251294
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 47286525.48982191,
      "active_destinations": 125,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 9.226648995330756
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 34842066.380457774,
      "active_destinations": 120,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -26.317135760043776
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 43247277.44740772,
      "active_destinations": 126,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 24.123744485098236
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 46396799.74496868,
      "active_destinations": 125,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 7.282590913129827
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 43524829.46211933,
      "active_destinations": 127,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -6.190018058650238
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 39885141.417218424,
      "active_destinations": 127,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -8.362325803180031
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}