{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/750712",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/750712",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/750712",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "750712",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 84,
    "current_lane_count": 37,
    "active_market_count": 37,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 67199247.45071809,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 60735948.01525068,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 27345930.836293254,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 23067270.929330252,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 18842523.30574681,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 44.11366139985709,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 33.69542640284537,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 20.46979071098003,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 16143918.09435579,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 116009296.53589982,
    "historical_peak_year": 2024,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 23.64387068887706,
    "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
    "top_market_iso3": "ARE",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 36628044.93384017,
    "top_market_share_pct": 54.50662964745562,
    "destination_hhi": 3160.3193185693563,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 35.23503977500048,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 31.91617271223102,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 2.1804661565102608,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 96.61896472329666,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 40.476190476190474,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 98.5,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 750712,
      "hs_description": "Nickel: tubes and pipes, of nickel alloys",
      "hs_chapter": 75,
      "hs_heading": 7507,
      "substitution_elasticity": -9.5216742,
      "price_range_label": "High price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Nickel: tubes and pipes, of nickel alloys",
    "hs_chapter": 75,
    "hs_heading": 7507,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 750712,
        "corridor_rank": 4,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "ARE",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 21,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 36628044.93384017,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 2777433.9596021906,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 12955527.562278645,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 9158558.00794909,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 5203939.315369149,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 162.44346767842012,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 48.962786144197246,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 73.15044002092368,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 36628044.93384017,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 85857393.71019314,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 45,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 89.29302765749644,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 107.0479,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 101.8405,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 42.66149174930244,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 40.53884580592272,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 42.661491749302456,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
        "supplier_count_latest": 22,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3489.88,
        "distance_km": 5634.66748046875,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.05214629114545452,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 2.7959326918973035,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 100,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 750712,
        "corridor_rank": 75,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "IND",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 23,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 3598218.303613791,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 790809.7973300667,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1719647.1998478035,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1164742.5520387657,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 611348.0334953225,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 288.55218747985776,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 74.41083766396636,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 52.00655035836701,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 4389381.040031798,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 86900165.13940454,
        "historical_peak_year": 2005,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 63.63636363636363,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 236.54563712149076,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 24.9464,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 21.4467,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 4.140634598152442,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 2.002619482134164,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 37.33319646136674,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 29,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1867.77,
        "distance_km": 7282.04638671875,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.5323102001373737,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 1.64046780776877,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.99305651910892,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 750712,
        "corridor_rank": 79,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "USA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 21,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 3324810.5855547986,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 759142.9117013536,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 2673903.948596765,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1826764.109776449,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1416757.0913102902,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 469.32606908625417,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 30.98652573656595,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 16.004575660886445,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 3324810.5855547986,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 217710134.45124224,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 453.32149342536775,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 20.0932,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 14.7464,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 1.5271730890871387,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.22384437162503312,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 20.901947790146064,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 35,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1405.24,
        "distance_km": 5770.26416015625,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 1.4013366000223526,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.93801920866518,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 750712,
        "corridor_rank": 87,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "AUT",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 11,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 3054014.921443048,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 389011.8470826983,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1255515.6868208074,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 772635.3312145807,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 528681.3225539959,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 325.8663175412387,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 61.77040311381028,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 82.08980700617894,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 3054014.921443048,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 12721284.574273221,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 40,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 243.77651053505974,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 36.1621,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 27.3753,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 24.00712682443492,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 21.704651768964723,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 24.041836537893598,
        "peer_top_exporter": "GBR",
        "supplier_count_latest": 15,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1885.69,
        "distance_km": 1811.998779296875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.049626967501010096,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.049626967501010096,
        "volatility_cv": 2.1981653409097177,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 85.65582875201956,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 750712,
      "num_markets": 58,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "GRC",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 906750,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "CUB",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 1763.2567849686848,
      "median_price_across_markets": 40272.77353689567,
      "price_spread_pct": 2247.1428305923178,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 14.304552486187845,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 64244352
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 2592903.004958848,
        "active_destinations": 23,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 45.124356162032214
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 6153811.212706695,
        "active_destinations": 24,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 137.33287365311077
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 10241087.076902965,
        "active_destinations": 33,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 66.41860991375003
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 6391828.049246772,
        "active_destinations": 30,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -37.58643002203881
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 9433313.248935979,
        "active_destinations": 33,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 47.58396465386178
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 14000661.91174974,
        "active_destinations": 36,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 48.417226718607374
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 24736908.66116947,
        "active_destinations": 33,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 76.68385121427421
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 11652921.59734784,
        "active_destinations": 40,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -52.89257135173116
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 8479582.453992963,
        "active_destinations": 37,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -27.232133305325913
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 14218803.786556803,
        "active_destinations": 39,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 67.68282947542174
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 13006304.938861988,
        "active_destinations": 38,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -8.52743216585613
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 20292257.198909506,
        "active_destinations": 41,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 56.018617849544405
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 9418760.718404442,
        "active_destinations": 39,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -53.584460190507535
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 11883083.77522464,
        "active_destinations": 40,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 26.1639841004227
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 60735948.01525068,
        "active_destinations": 37,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 411.11268054745767
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "750712",
    "hs_description": "Nickel: tubes and pipes, of nickel alloys",
    "hs_chapter": 75,
    "hs_heading": 7507
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 750712,
      "corridor_rank": 4,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "ARE",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 21,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 36628044.93384017,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 2777433.9596021906,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 12955527.562278645,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 9158558.00794909,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 5203939.315369149,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 162.44346767842012,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 48.962786144197246,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 73.15044002092368,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 36628044.93384017,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 85857393.71019314,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 45,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 89.29302765749644,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 107.0479,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 101.8405,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 42.66149174930244,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 40.53884580592272,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 42.661491749302456,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
      "supplier_count_latest": 22,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 3489.88,
      "distance_km": 5634.66748046875,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.05214629114545452,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 2.7959326918973035,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 100,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 750712,
      "corridor_rank": 75,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "IND",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 23,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 3598218.303613791,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 790809.7973300667,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1719647.1998478035,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1164742.5520387657,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 611348.0334953225,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 288.55218747985776,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 74.41083766396636,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 52.00655035836701,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 4389381.040031798,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 86900165.13940454,
      "historical_peak_year": 2005,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 63.63636363636363,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 236.54563712149076,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 24.9464,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 21.4467,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 4.140634598152442,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 2.002619482134164,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 37.33319646136674,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 29,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1867.77,
      "distance_km": 7282.04638671875,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.5323102001373737,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 1.64046780776877,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.99305651910892,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 750712,
      "corridor_rank": 79,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
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