{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/750711",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/750711",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/750711",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "750711",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 45,
    "current_lane_count": 6,
    "active_market_count": 6,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 1009939.2000966629,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 80722.17375990881,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 32348.655984188674,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 131253.69070771715,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 94996.12874822025,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 84.99121633664512,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 141.21697894637947,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 28.473218549541656,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 986021.4429941475,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 2257397.710456442,
    "historical_peak_year": 2007,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 56.51799778710347,
    "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
    "top_market_iso3": "ITA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 545577.2269596254,
    "top_market_share_pct": 54.020799163692956,
    "destination_hhi": 3566.536230405623,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 35.640242854677474,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 32.95805006990805,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.8510572492012871,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 55.29947107804962,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 84.44444444444444,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 73,
    "confidence_label": "Medium",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 750711,
      "hs_description": "Nickel: tubes and pipes, not alloyed",
      "hs_chapter": 75,
      "hs_heading": 7507,
      "substitution_elasticity": -9.5216742,
      "price_range_label": "Unclassified",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Nickel: tubes and pipes, not alloyed",
    "hs_chapter": 75,
    "hs_heading": 7507,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 750711,
        "corridor_rank": 30,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "ITA",
        "latest_data_year": 2020,
        "lane_data_years": 3,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 545577.2269596254,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 194564.42563440095,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 545577.2269596254,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 545577.2269596254,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 275255.29238739854,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 379.996281270187,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 156.29652842363396,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 32.310546004786886,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 545577.2269596254,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 4708419.022319304,
        "historical_peak_year": 2020,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 50,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 347.6857352654001,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -43.281,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 28.964,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 6.327351349817811,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 6.1567480501079865,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 92.83845240367118,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 10,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 8644.1,
        "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": null,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 1.2770645017098665,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 85.13273788612042,
        "attention_level": "Not monitored",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The lane has limited historical coverage",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['limited_history']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "Low",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:31"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 750711,
        "corridor_rank": 60,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "MRT",
        "latest_data_year": 2015,
        "lane_data_years": 1,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 249138.92985777353,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 249138.92985777353,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 249138.92985777353,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 249138.92985777353,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 249138.92985777353,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": null,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": null,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": null,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 249138.92985777353,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 249138.92985777353,
        "historical_peak_year": 2015,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": null,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": null,
        "trend_label": "Insufficient history",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": null,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": null,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": null,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 100,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 100,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 100,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
        "supplier_count_latest": 1,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 10000,
        "distance_km": 2742.22119140625,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": null,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 0,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 0,
        "attention_level": "Not monitored",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The lane has limited historical coverage",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['limited_history']",
        "signal_flag": "Declining",
        "confidence_label": "Low",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:31"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 750711,
      "num_markets": 11,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "BEL",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 687722.2222222222,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "BGR",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 3328.3582089552237,
      "median_price_across_markets": 47102.35976789168,
      "price_spread_pct": 1452.9927319688102,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 0.9252000000000001,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 644294
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 1573.719091757098,
        "active_destinations": 2,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -80.69773017158232
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 6275.980990589275,
        "active_destinations": 2,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 298.79931707392456
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 4719.509687532451,
        "active_destinations": 5,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -24.80044642249118
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 629.8776283368933,
        "active_destinations": 4,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -86.6537485874678
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 6589.71762529893,
        "active_destinations": 5,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 946.1901373919547
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 260173.88985526384,
        "active_destinations": 7,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 3848.1796436377886
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 7148.726822739019,
        "active_destinations": 2,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -97.25232734663885
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 6473.991927745995,
        "active_destinations": 6,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -9.438532367005466
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 18907.778130720188,
        "active_destinations": 6,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 192.05748696852604
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 988.4472071478358,
        "active_destinations": 4,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -94.77227202311059
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 546471.624197454,
        "active_destinations": 3,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 55185.86860741887
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 12750.861388565874,
        "active_destinations": 4,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -97.66669286675375
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 12901.790319489945,
        "active_destinations": 4,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1.1836763519319042
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 3422.0038731672576,
        "active_destinations": 2,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -73.47651923936598
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 80722.17375990881,
        "active_destinations": 6,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 2258.9153242306497
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "750711",
    "hs_description": "Nickel: tubes and pipes, not alloyed",
    "hs_chapter": 75,
    "hs_heading": 7507
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 750711,
      "corridor_rank": 30,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "ITA",
      "latest_data_year": 2020,
      "lane_data_years": 3,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 545577.2269596254,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 194564.42563440095,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 545577.2269596254,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 545577.2269596254,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 275255.29238739854,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 379.996281270187,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 156.29652842363396,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 32.310546004786886,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 545577.2269596254,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 4708419.022319304,
      "historical_peak_year": 2020,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 50,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 347.6857352654001,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -43.281,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 28.964,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 6.327351349817811,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 6.1567480501079865,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 92.83845240367118,
      "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
      "supplier_count_latest": 10,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 8644.1,
      "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 1.2770645017098665,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 85.13273788612042,
      "attention_level": "Not monitored",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The lane has limited historical coverage",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['limited_history']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "Low",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:31"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 750711,
      "corridor_rank": 60,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "MRT",
      "latest_data_year": 2015,
      "lane_data_years": 1,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 249138.92985777353,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 249138.92985777353,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 249138.92985777353,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 249138.92985777353,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 249138.92985777353,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": null,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": null,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": null,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 249138.92985777353,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 249138.92985777353,
      "historical_peak_year": 2015,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": null,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": null,
      "trend_label": "Insufficient history",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": null,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": null,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": null,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 100,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 100,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 100,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
      "supplier_count_latest": 1,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 10000,
      "distance_km": 2742.22119140625,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 0,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 0,
      "attention_level": "Not monitored",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The lane has limited historical coverage",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['limited_history']",
      "signal_flag": "Declining",
      "confidence_label": "Low",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:31"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 750711,
    "num_markets": 11,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "BEL",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 687722.2222222222,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "BGR",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 3328.3582089552237,
    "median_price_across_markets": 47102.35976789168,
    "price_spread_pct": 1452.9927319688102,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 0.9252000000000001,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 644294
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 1573.719091757098,
      "active_destinations": 2,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -80.69773017158232
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 6275.980990589275,
      "active_destinations": 2,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 298.79931707392456
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 4719.509687532451,
      "active_destinations": 5,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -24.80044642249118
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 629.8776283368933,
      "active_destinations": 4,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -86.6537485874678
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 6589.71762529893,
      "active_destinations": 5,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 946.1901373919547
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 260173.88985526384,
      "active_destinations": 7,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 3848.1796436377886
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 7148.726822739019,
      "active_destinations": 2,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -97.25232734663885
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 6473.991927745995,
      "active_destinations": 6,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -9.438532367005466
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 18907.778130720188,
      "active_destinations": 6,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 192.05748696852604
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 988.4472071478358,
      "active_destinations": 4,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -94.77227202311059
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 546471.624197454,
      "active_destinations": 3,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 55185.86860741887
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 12750.861388565874,
      "active_destinations": 4,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -97.66669286675375
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 12901.790319489945,
      "active_destinations": 4,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1.1836763519319042
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 3422.0038731672576,
      "active_destinations": 2,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -73.47651923936598
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 80722.17375990881,
      "active_destinations": 6,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 2258.9153242306497
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}