{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/741220",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/741220",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/741220",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "741220",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 168,
    "current_lane_count": 133,
    "active_market_count": 133,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 85721544.10524626,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 85568837.13405146,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 79428293.86842495,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 75457003.87673205,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 62380728.00316135,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.165109220976813,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 8.421041586202293,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 6.436718211312531,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 42823321.52829758,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 115444999.08347423,
    "historical_peak_year": 2024,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 75.86206896551724,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -4.271608990335718,
    "trend_label": "Stable",
    "top_market_iso3": "FRA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 21885254.947711848,
    "top_market_share_pct": 25.530635473436885,
    "destination_hhi": 1346.438541296045,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 12.982725554817934,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": -0.48569378852712763,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.7284582929482591,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 70.1303262390136,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 16.666666666666668,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 741220,
      "hs_description": "Copper: tube or pipe fittings (e.g. couplings, elbows, sleeves) of copper alloys",
      "hs_chapter": 74,
      "hs_heading": 7412,
      "substitution_elasticity": -3.4285932,
      "price_range_label": "Low price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Copper: tube or pipe fittings (e.g. couplings, elbows, sleeves) of copper alloys",
    "hs_chapter": 74,
    "hs_heading": 7412,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 741220,
        "corridor_rank": 50,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "FRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 21885254.947711848,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 11619198.544643564,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 20752458.529811747,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 19600868.10182372,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 16244159.600986626,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.3822172400242527,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 8.326044189227,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 6.328983797408161,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 21885254.947711848,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 278337951.08130264,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 75.86206896551724,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -4.946766557383908,
        "trend_label": "Stable",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -2.1398,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 8.7178,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 72.4138,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 7.86283539944546,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.644306714104907,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 35.192716430746245,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ITA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 74,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2110.21,
        "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.4637367991218737,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 42.09445886322805,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 741220,
        "corridor_rank": 67,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "PRT",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 16948812.004665144,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 8356046.283976258,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 17434543.726019096,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 16165444.232213218,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 12445997.819222812,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.0888179246444363,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 7.836682476022294,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 10.161771962650201,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 18043697.86400676,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 40074447.37829151,
        "historical_peak_year": 2023,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -9.072954038005765,
        "trend_label": "Stable",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 6.4508,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 6.1511,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 72.4138,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 42.29331435234309,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -5.636640313236541,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 42.29331435234309,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
        "supplier_count_latest": 43,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2601.32,
        "distance_km": 500.9222717285156,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.550655184997339,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 62.82323563604806,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 741220,
      "num_markets": 153,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "VEN",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 567000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "ZWE",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 313.33333333333337,
      "median_price_across_markets": 17836.12646275703,
      "price_spread_pct": 3177.1846193731835,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 36.46824165341815,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 330612683
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 44387509.05285194,
        "active_destinations": 105,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 13.587911333058766
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 43822768.35477246,
        "active_destinations": 116,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -1.2722964413412812
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 44022065.94478658,
        "active_destinations": 105,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 0.45478092210121795
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 42664695.6309329,
        "active_destinations": 113,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -3.083386217166918
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 45856497.057035774,
        "active_destinations": 119,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 7.481130191841205
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 39433104.59076699,
        "active_destinations": 125,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -14.007595168639778
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 44324643.12885504,
        "active_destinations": 124,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 12.4046498211388
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 50465087.7743675,
        "active_destinations": 129,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 13.853342547308783
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 55184744.326820165,
        "active_destinations": 128,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 9.352320110002667
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 57114680.8271436,
        "active_destinations": 134,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 3.497228308051569
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 58757015.440672144,
        "active_destinations": 127,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 2.8755034427996438
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 80243122.33771311,
        "active_destinations": 135,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 36.56773022914313
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 74197796.88476872,
        "active_destinations": 134,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -7.5337614948504665
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 78518247.58645464,
        "active_destinations": 131,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 5.822882731135134
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 85568837.13405147,
        "active_destinations": 133,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 8.979555408229894
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "741220",
    "hs_description": "Copper: tube or pipe fittings (e.g. couplings, elbows, sleeves) of copper alloys",
    "hs_chapter": 74,
    "hs_heading": 7412
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 741220,
      "corridor_rank": 50,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "FRA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 21885254.947711848,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 11619198.544643564,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 20752458.529811747,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 19600868.10182372,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 16244159.600986626,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.3822172400242527,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 8.326044189227,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 6.328983797408161,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 21885254.947711848,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 278337951.08130264,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 75.86206896551724,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -4.946766557383908,
      "trend_label": "Stable",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -2.1398,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 8.7178,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 72.4138,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 7.86283539944546,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.644306714104907,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 35.192716430746245,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ITA",
      "supplier_count_latest": 74,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 2110.21,
      "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.4637367991218737,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 42.09445886322805,
      "attention_level": "Stable",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 741220,
      "corridor_rank": 67,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "PRT",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 16948812.004665144,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 8356046.283976258,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 17434543.726019096,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 16165444.232213218,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 12445997.819222812,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.0888179246444363,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 7.836682476022294,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 10.161771962650201,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 18043697.86400676,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 40074447.37829151,
      "historical_peak_year": 2023,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -9.072954038005765,
      "trend_label": "Stable",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 6.4508,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 6.1511,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 72.4138,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 42.29331435234309,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -5.636640313236541,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 42.29331435234309,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
      "supplier_count_latest": 43,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 2601.32,
      "distance_km": 500.9222717285156,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.550655184997339,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 62.82323563604806,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 741220,
    "num_markets": 153,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "VEN",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 567000,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "ZWE",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 313.33333333333337,
    "median_price_across_markets": 17836.12646275703,
    "price_spread_pct": 3177.1846193731835,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 36.46824165341815,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 330612683
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 44387509.05285194,
      "active_destinations": 105,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 13.587911333058766
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 43822768.35477246,
      "active_destinations": 116,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -1.2722964413412812
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 44022065.94478658,
      "active_destinations": 105,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 0.45478092210121795
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 42664695.6309329,
      "active_destinations": 113,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -3.083386217166918
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 45856497.057035774,
      "active_destinations": 119,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 7.481130191841205
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 39433104.59076699,
      "active_destinations": 125,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -14.007595168639778
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 44324643.12885504,
      "active_destinations": 124,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 12.4046498211388
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 50465087.7743675,
      "active_destinations": 129,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 13.853342547308783
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 55184744.326820165,
      "active_destinations": 128,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 9.352320110002667
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 57114680.8271436,
      "active_destinations": 134,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 3.497228308051569
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 58757015.440672144,
      "active_destinations": 127,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 2.8755034427996438
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 80243122.33771311,
      "active_destinations": 135,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 36.56773022914313
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 74197796.88476872,
      "active_destinations": 134,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -7.5337614948504665
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 78518247.58645464,
      "active_destinations": 131,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 5.822882731135134
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 85568837.13405147,
      "active_destinations": 133,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 8.979555408229894
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}