{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/741210",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/741210",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/741210",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "741210",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 155,
    "current_lane_count": 96,
    "active_market_count": 96,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 99112961.8240307,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 97906942.4811198,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 98441286.50103825,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 97692561.68594414,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 78697363.4834369,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -5.44937089237928,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 5.592866943455421,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 2.4774613960496517,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 59249503.63233709,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 164749762.60054994,
    "historical_peak_year": 2021,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68.96551724137932,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -7.9268322884289315,
    "trend_label": "Declining",
    "top_market_iso3": "POL",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 32985481.330461226,
    "top_market_share_pct": 33.280693789602445,
    "destination_hhi": 1994.6485226689847,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 31.280353640246737,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": -2.9383286371091653,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.9125029736696965,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 72.09374455561958,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 33.54838709677419,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 741210,
      "hs_description": "Copper: tube or pipe fittings (e.g. couplings, elbows, sleeves) of refined copper",
      "hs_chapter": 74,
      "hs_heading": 7412,
      "substitution_elasticity": -7.1718788,
      "price_range_label": "High price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Copper: tube or pipe fittings (e.g. couplings, elbows, sleeves) of refined copper",
    "hs_chapter": 74,
    "hs_heading": 7412,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 741210,
        "corridor_rank": 6,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "POL",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 32985481.330461226,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 23039143.811192214,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 33895909.765266046,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 39588985.03999023,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 38793566.49270402,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -17.112021690612046,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -3.4864804651011827,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -3.294615543091739,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 57922618.220918745,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 62334110.03331061,
        "historical_peak_year": 2021,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68.96551724137932,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -13.817406147520307,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 14.1891,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 13.4598,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 52.9172251161269,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -4.599681830129619,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 52.91722511612691,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
        "supplier_count_latest": 35,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3397.52,
        "distance_km": 2293.0048828125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.08183472355387879,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.04607734616949498,
        "volatility_cv": 0.776366767624721,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 49.95164346426367,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 741210,
        "corridor_rank": 9,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "FRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 20534411.26873997,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 10611430.434568394,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 24256270.59716767,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 23181767.935081344,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 16979506.982327253,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -7.403200877198857,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 4.026377124607117,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 6.161023044565805,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 27626425.027935263,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 53200499.05471555,
        "historical_peak_year": 2023,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -13.564223921764661,
        "trend_label": "Declining",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -8.8322,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 7.3627,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 38.59815534365716,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -8.744270373722863,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 38.59815534365716,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
        "supplier_count_latest": 42,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2361.55,
        "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.6713237835236437,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 53.277356953219225,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 741210,
        "corridor_rank": 15,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "DEU",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 14504097.57119388,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 5912752.1039993325,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 13292028.856638977,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 8536816.258662388,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 4637593.92037539,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 159.68382142461542,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 80.37477182295551,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 33.98003508620435,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 16334723.26326327,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 89641089.5090839,
        "historical_peak_year": 1995,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 125.70378633841106,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -13.6446,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 3.2519,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 16.180188851591424,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 1.7992940911206379,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 37.37634337571803,
        "peer_top_exporter": "POL",
        "supplier_count_latest": 51,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2102.58,
        "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.9431867922437277,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.5871580558139,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Stable",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 741210,
        "corridor_rank": 17,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "USA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 24,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 13806078.5041795,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1889509.815220699,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 8635345.38144813,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 6969776.482956769,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 3625038.9646542594,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 54.34917169273395,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 83.34420817295174,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 104.01397489254927,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 13806078.5041795,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 335426017.2170411,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 60.869565217391305,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -49.664803199815324,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 33.104,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 18.7205,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 72.4138,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 4.115983196153246,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 1.162319518742554,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 28.449732246116955,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 46,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1880.55,
        "distance_km": 5770.26416015625,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 1.670718452665093,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.99915843493449,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 741210,
        "corridor_rank": 46,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "AUS",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 14,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 6024615.899907537,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 5971508.433095189,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 8797485.05401662,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 9942926.599142034,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 6353674.891831297,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -29.190696715240726,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -2.3005657746858144,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -1.7284232950525835,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 16969084.0151298,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 39613375.38371452,
        "historical_peak_year": 2021,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 46.15384615384615,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -27.462273420188144,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 11.5586,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 15.2431,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 15.208539644880453,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -4.968961747317394,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 38.89854049843752,
        "peer_top_exporter": "POL",
        "supplier_count_latest": 24,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2759.21,
        "distance_km": 17699.453125,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.07872936858989897,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 0.8567425817863978,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.97804339660458,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','long_distance_without_fta']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 741210,
        "corridor_rank": 71,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "GBR",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 2739125.547050553,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 4243428.270865139,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 2064976.608149606,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1875907.4707425884,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 2081529.0399563864,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 14.62483796514087,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -2.604805893614681,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -6.020964877081325,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 9300186.040700566,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 108396758.95786807,
        "historical_peak_year": 2007,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 44.827586206896555,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 20.645802842222196,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 15.9155,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 6.9787,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 72.4138,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 2.526944138722085,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.6622315784763368,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 49.98891378075961,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 39,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2980.14,
        "distance_km": 1263.3787841796875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.5843890226480615,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 85.31377652701855,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Stable",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 741210,
      "num_markets": 123,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "HTI",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 2719000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "AGO",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 130.95238095238096,
      "median_price_across_markets": 19263.305322128854,
      "price_spread_pct": 14114.239493965391,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 64.68855377574367,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 458595362
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 58976968.7013344,
        "active_destinations": 69,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -1.1549621453057684
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 65935941.16291231,
        "active_destinations": 83,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 11.799474633596173
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 72709891.83615205,
        "active_destinations": 82,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 10.273532998494536
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 76037068.25027305,
        "active_destinations": 80,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 4.575961165804814
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 76653131.96666995,
        "active_destinations": 82,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 0.8102149787905398
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 53011888.904616736,
        "active_destinations": 90,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -30.84184880055888
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 51299724.011087656,
        "active_destinations": 97,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -3.2297752992913438
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 59097292.599728346,
        "active_destinations": 88,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 15.200020543883166
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 60518795.12493909,
        "active_destinations": 89,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 2.405359810370196
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 74583125.76427655,
        "active_destinations": 88,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 23.239607811593245
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 77309172.05070958,
        "active_destinations": 89,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 3.655044299227714
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 115829776.87589635,
        "active_destinations": 97,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 49.82669430209376
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 99744377.06706083,
        "active_destinations": 97,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -13.887102472855423
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 97672539.95493409,
        "active_destinations": 93,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -2.07714677563607
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 97906942.48111981,
        "active_destinations": 96,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 0.23998815459685394
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
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