{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/740822",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/740822",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/740822",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "740822",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 67,
    "current_lane_count": 19,
    "active_market_count": 19,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 1401406.8761619553,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 228475.61709450316,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 433930.2461741727,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 669138.097985111,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 763114.9652013557,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -24.671980571519015,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -23.788634073403724,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -10.92776839971692,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 1196510.4437077984,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 4505237.439454057,
    "historical_peak_year": 2020,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 44.827586206896555,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -13.744212171802095,
    "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
    "top_market_iso3": "IND",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 672467.8069826311,
    "top_market_share_pct": 47.985193909161076,
    "destination_hhi": 2544.162832352008,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 9.901767005541124,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 7.114406622593666,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.4835692779063216,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 80.21967041434212,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 59.701492537313435,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 79.5,
    "confidence_label": "Medium",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 740822,
      "hs_description": "Copper: wire, of copper-nickel base alloys (cupro-nickel) or copper-nickel-zinc base alloys (nickel silver)",
      "hs_chapter": 74,
      "hs_heading": 7408,
      "substitution_elasticity": -5.7383718,
      "price_range_label": "Low price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Copper: wire, of copper-nickel base alloys (cupro-nickel) or copper-nickel-zinc base alloys (nickel silver)",
    "hs_chapter": 74,
    "hs_heading": 7408,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 740822,
        "corridor_rank": 14,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "IND",
        "latest_data_year": 2020,
        "lane_data_years": 6,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 672467.8069826311,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 124763.5309695968,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 225011.69205991467,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 135259.19616643322,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 124763.5309695968,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 952.5001167516793,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 56.21560541046806,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": null,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 672467.8069826311,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 22326912.95896449,
        "historical_peak_year": 2020,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 40,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": null,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -17.2668,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 20.9888,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 5.546049399651133,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 5.541531858153204,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 85.15470141881126,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 17,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 7428.03,
        "distance_km": 7282.04638671875,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.5323102001373737,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 1.9743098574122286,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.20208684867391,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "Medium",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 740822,
      "num_markets": 34,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "NOR",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 442800,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "MYS",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 1274.6478873239437,
      "median_price_across_markets": 26765.51724137931,
      "price_spread_pct": 1649.6051547626391,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 2.5206702127659573,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 6534268
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 983198.3185454727,
        "active_destinations": 15,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 111.41565790229886
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 912551.7071698335,
        "active_destinations": 16,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -7.185387733387567
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 912339.7009496979,
        "active_destinations": 15,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -0.023232241906939836
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 812677.1835265366,
        "active_destinations": 17,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -10.923838710451584
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 726802.691777746,
        "active_destinations": 18,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -10.5668638777511
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 1115467.5542113278,
        "active_destinations": 20,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 53.47598004664991
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 626489.4005376262,
        "active_destinations": 24,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -43.83616106336909
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 774566.1726182427,
        "active_destinations": 20,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 23.635958079026288
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 880264.7821698553,
        "active_destinations": 22,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 13.646169079953854
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 888671.2525509524,
        "active_destinations": 27,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 0.9549933782850063
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 1509372.0556145103,
        "active_destinations": 17,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 69.84594148644071
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 534527.6957885267,
        "active_destinations": 16,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -64.58608771772282
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 531285.4768919984,
        "active_destinations": 17,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -0.6065576998298229
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 542029.6445360163,
        "active_destinations": 16,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 2.0222965074955273
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 228475.6170945032,
        "active_destinations": 19,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -57.8481325887478
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "740822",
    "hs_description": "Copper: wire, of copper-nickel base alloys (cupro-nickel) or copper-nickel-zinc base alloys (nickel silver)",
    "hs_chapter": 74,
    "hs_heading": 7408
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 740822,
      "corridor_rank": 14,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "IND",
      "latest_data_year": 2020,
      "lane_data_years": 6,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 672467.8069826311,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 124763.5309695968,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 225011.69205991467,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 135259.19616643322,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 124763.5309695968,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 952.5001167516793,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 56.21560541046806,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": null,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 672467.8069826311,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 22326912.95896449,
      "historical_peak_year": 2020,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 40,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": null,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -17.2668,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 20.9888,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 5.546049399651133,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 5.541531858153204,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 85.15470141881126,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 17,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 7428.03,
      "distance_km": 7282.04638671875,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.5323102001373737,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 1.9743098574122286,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.20208684867391,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "Medium",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 740822,
    "num_markets": 34,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "NOR",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 442800,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "MYS",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 1274.6478873239437,
    "median_price_across_markets": 26765.51724137931,
    "price_spread_pct": 1649.6051547626391,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 2.5206702127659573,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 6534268
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 983198.3185454727,
      "active_destinations": 15,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 111.41565790229886
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 912551.7071698335,
      "active_destinations": 16,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -7.185387733387567
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 912339.7009496979,
      "active_destinations": 15,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -0.023232241906939836
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 812677.1835265366,
      "active_destinations": 17,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -10.923838710451584
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 726802.691777746,
      "active_destinations": 18,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -10.5668638777511
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 1115467.5542113278,
      "active_destinations": 20,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 53.47598004664991
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 626489.4005376262,
      "active_destinations": 24,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -43.83616106336909
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 774566.1726182427,
      "active_destinations": 20,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 23.635958079026288
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 880264.7821698553,
      "active_destinations": 22,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 13.646169079953854
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 888671.2525509524,
      "active_destinations": 27,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 0.9549933782850063
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 1509372.0556145103,
      "active_destinations": 17,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 69.84594148644071
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 534527.6957885267,
      "active_destinations": 16,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -64.58608771772282
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 531285.4768919984,
      "active_destinations": 17,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -0.6065576998298229
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 542029.6445360163,
      "active_destinations": 16,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 2.0222965074955273
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 228475.6170945032,
      "active_destinations": 19,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -57.8481325887478
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}