{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/740729",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/740729",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/740729",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "740729",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 159,
    "current_lane_count": 86,
    "active_market_count": 86,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 19479977.733361427,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 19128048.13333817,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 14955052.956076032,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 13037833.159165064,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 11652312.917980436,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 16.7725758735072,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 11.336064068996588,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 6.28282081028384,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 13090665.257512711,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 57805444.17826194,
    "historical_peak_year": 2007,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 10.48975506322336,
    "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
    "top_market_iso3": "FRA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 3415966.6147925784,
    "top_market_share_pct": 17.535782953911653,
    "destination_hhi": 992.5261114909997,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 11.701942379929,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 5.798754899343248,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.2235447440463456,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 95.58543765687713,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 24.528301886792452,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 740729,
      "hs_description": "Copper: bars, rods and profiles, of copper alloys (other than copper-zinc base alloys)",
      "hs_chapter": 74,
      "hs_heading": 7407,
      "substitution_elasticity": -11.468609,
      "price_range_label": "Low price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Copper: bars, rods and profiles, of copper alloys (other than copper-zinc base alloys)",
    "hs_chapter": 74,
    "hs_heading": 7407,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 740729,
        "corridor_rank": 54,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "FRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 3415966.6147925784,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1257093.2694188554,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1940553.1811039522,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1493495.4877725907,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 994071.9490674175,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 52.60193649857345,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 29.796816678332092,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 22.356557490860297,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 5809590.058534859,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 32791223.93457718,
        "historical_peak_year": 2008,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68.96551724137932,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 30.245379007713154,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -15.4608,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 4.0102,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 10.417319651159964,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 6.894044446964624,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 20.27121041512976,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 41,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1118.62,
        "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.1249866443758783,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 97.38742083049604,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 740729,
        "corridor_rank": 61,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "ITA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 3096207.4895054563,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1624197.1677864434,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1938025.379625796,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1706218.6772408567,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1235042.9961908949,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 24.232297977313966,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 8.646315516469173,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 23.882438393867922,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 7100637.115523984,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 43991968.92745989,
        "historical_peak_year": 2007,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 0.34985958344604384,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -1.7562,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 4.6478,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 7.0381198318513905,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 3.187078252786613,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 39.48465421186057,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 36,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2203.87,
        "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.0889787039092833,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 98.00494493964135,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 740729,
        "corridor_rank": 66,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "MEX",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 26,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 2641456.4310921095,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 876592.3002798074,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 2847837.4079876,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 2353631.528809833,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 2014803.092015007,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 15.706914656534575,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 10.302312935544244,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 68.17094001342912,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 3093718.417017751,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 37950375.47264472,
        "historical_peak_year": 2022,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -52.46402535689454,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -9.3211,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 11.4734,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 6.960290637957237,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.25002605315074256,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 67.27278356251234,
        "peer_top_exporter": "USA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 34,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 4672.69,
        "distance_km": 9073.951171875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.10968114655848483,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.13100950524598787,
        "volatility_cv": 1.1668559797772429,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.12128019722476,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 740729,
        "corridor_rank": 77,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "POL",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 21,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 2345857.1511021587,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 233739.88234362422,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1043869.2473679637,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 688087.6867064467,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 413185.11012891284,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 145.80113255973095,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 54.86068206558548,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 46.12284619638138,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 2345857.1511021587,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 16108518.85896696,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 99.67828636334957,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -12.1164,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 16.9029,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 14.562835799123242,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 10.822419420091602,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 44.33163438046617,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 35,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2349.94,
        "distance_km": 2293.0048828125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.08183472355387879,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.04607734616949498,
        "volatility_cv": 2.117702140615577,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 97.55160795732542,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 740729,
      "num_markets": 131,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "ARE",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 7088000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "UZB",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 100,
      "median_price_across_markets": 13591.836734693878,
      "price_spread_pct": 52148.21321321321,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 11.717529953917051,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 56870097
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 14318109.817236142,
        "active_destinations": 83,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -6.5862007137531
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 17668612.136111636,
        "active_destinations": 83,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 23.400451328024864
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 14123878.546002988,
        "active_destinations": 83,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -20.06232047430492
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 11921559.335021477,
        "active_destinations": 87,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -15.592878427893023
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 10400157.891783714,
        "active_destinations": 97,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -12.761765474491279
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 10436727.794773806,
        "active_destinations": 103,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 0.3516283442098738
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 9769278.000265133,
        "active_destinations": 101,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -6.395201711046818
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 8987701.870031415,
        "active_destinations": 102,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -8.000346906009907
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 10958980.557362584,
        "active_destinations": 100,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 21.933067160407266
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 11181275.161546119,
        "active_destinations": 95,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 2.0284241131734624
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 8311101.035945563,
        "active_destinations": 86,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -25.66947046855142
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 12012905.891651655,
        "active_destinations": 84,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 44.540486750140126
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 12044479.664855327,
        "active_destinations": 88,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 0.2628321031434615
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 13692631.0700346,
        "active_destinations": 80,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 13.683873866203003
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 19128048.133338176,
        "active_destinations": 86,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 39.69592867508582
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "740729",
    "hs_description": "Copper: bars, rods and profiles, of copper alloys (other than copper-zinc base alloys)",
    "hs_chapter": 74,
    "hs_heading": 7407
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 740729,
      "corridor_rank": 54,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "FRA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 3415966.6147925784,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1257093.2694188554,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1940553.1811039522,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1493495.4877725907,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 994071.9490674175,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 52.60193649857345,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 29.796816678332092,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 22.356557490860297,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 5809590.058534859,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 32791223.93457718,
      "historical_peak_year": 2008,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68.96551724137932,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 30.245379007713154,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -15.4608,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 4.0102,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 10.417319651159964,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 6.894044446964624,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 20.27121041512976,
      "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
      "supplier_count_latest": 41,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1118.62,
      "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 1.1249866443758783,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 97.38742083049604,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 740729,
      "corridor_rank": 61,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "ITA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 3096207.4895054563,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1624197.1677864434,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1938025.379625796,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1706218.6772408567,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1235042.9961908949,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 24.232297977313966,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 8.646315516469173,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 23.882438393867922,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 7100637.115523984,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 43991968.92745989,
      "historical_peak_year": 2007,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 0.34985958344604384,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -1.7562,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 4.6478,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 7.0381198318513905,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 3.187078252786613,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 39.48465421186057,
      "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
      "supplier_count_latest": 36,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 2203.87,
      "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 1.0889787039092833,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 98.00494493964135,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
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