{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/740400",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/740400",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/740400",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "740400",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 110,
    "current_lane_count": 47,
    "active_market_count": 47,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 934367508.7793996,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 927895007.4493203,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 808144176.095972,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 767913622.8851204,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 628462375.2030091,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.9555674364382316,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 9.080455267103194,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 7.483369821059616,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 555529596.3304307,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 2259675612.2289977,
    "historical_peak_year": 2011,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -6.527802384621384,
    "trend_label": "Stable",
    "top_market_iso3": "CHN",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 501320579.9586715,
    "top_market_share_pct": 53.6534688169504,
    "destination_hhi": 3087.615568597,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 6.79239859359384,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 0.48066189320624547,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.1026479467857657,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 87.87853476315338,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 40.90909090909091,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 740400,
      "hs_description": "Copper: waste and scrap",
      "hs_chapter": 74,
      "hs_heading": 7404,
      "substitution_elasticity": null,
      "price_range_label": "Low price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Copper: waste and scrap",
    "hs_chapter": 74,
    "hs_heading": 7404,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 740400,
        "corridor_rank": 11,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "CHN",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 29,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 501320579.9586715,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 260915119.69442454,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 362659206.4485752,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 295707517.81281936,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 247086144.4466176,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 22.70519717455455,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 15.03301458479871,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 12.176795032859289,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1387974364.9766986,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 15611318956.075687,
        "historical_peak_year": 2011,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 60.714285714285715,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 10.52840214169526,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 22.9338,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 19.7886,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 3.21126345166092,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.7651535437624313,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 20.071940368235115,
        "peer_top_exporter": "USA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 128,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 819.15,
        "distance_km": 9232.298828125,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.30189875567878793,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 1.2216833396312685,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 92.06818752702239,
        "attention_level": "Critical attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown','long_distance_without_fta']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 740400,
        "corridor_rank": 90,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "DEU",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 80731754.65158997,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 90426132.95052816,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 103208743.26102464,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 111862238.9457397,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 103110113.50632532,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -17.916650479078776,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -3.2778621705300215,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -4.067893892373975,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 198959637.81207085,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 2981237396.6144624,
        "historical_peak_year": 2008,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -13.8487565867048,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -3.447,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 8.9978,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 44.8276,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 2.7079948327251686,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.3071476546858043,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 16.977004105114986,
        "peer_top_exporter": "NLD",
        "supplier_count_latest": 95,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 745.16,
        "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.6000730527528626,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 59.423049046839395,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 740400,
      "num_markets": 72,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "IRL",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 193500,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "NGA",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 45,
      "median_price_across_markets": 5067.166666666667,
      "price_spread_pct": 3817.814031510048,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 3130.769134199134,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 3221463587
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 1516526983.217897,
        "active_destinations": 39,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 124.6714613109235
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 1815958518.2842298,
        "active_destinations": 40,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 19.744557029310045
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 977982739.2505295,
        "active_destinations": 36,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -46.1450947583012
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 556612543.5166572,
        "active_destinations": 40,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -43.0856475091561
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 450906087.0555408,
        "active_destinations": 42,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -18.991030240401518
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 408189822.1227654,
        "active_destinations": 50,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -9.47342831668488
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 331823993.88595545,
        "active_destinations": 48,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -18.708410670230407
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 495254087.92433465,
        "active_destinations": 48,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 49.25204236271969
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 608940413.3932917,
        "active_destinations": 50,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 22.95515135380895
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 600847320.278142,
        "active_destinations": 48,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -1.3290451638857992
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 513340186.3715987,
        "active_destinations": 49,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -14.563955093622582
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 901795399.7660869,
        "active_destinations": 53,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 75.67208329045405
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 792241920.5267193,
        "active_destinations": 45,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -12.148374150919846
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 704295600.3118762,
        "active_destinations": 51,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -11.100942519725836
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 927895007.4493204,
        "active_destinations": 47,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 31.747948878060573
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "740400",
    "hs_description": "Copper: waste and scrap",
    "hs_chapter": 74,
    "hs_heading": 7404
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 740400,
      "corridor_rank": 11,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "CHN",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 29,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 501320579.9586715,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 260915119.69442454,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 362659206.4485752,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 295707517.81281936,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 247086144.4466176,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 22.70519717455455,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 15.03301458479871,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 12.176795032859289,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1387974364.9766986,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 15611318956.075687,
      "historical_peak_year": 2011,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 60.714285714285715,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 10.52840214169526,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 22.9338,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 19.7886,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 3.21126345166092,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.7651535437624313,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 20.071940368235115,
      "peer_top_exporter": "USA",
      "supplier_count_latest": 128,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 819.15,
      "distance_km": 9232.298828125,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.30189875567878793,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 1.2216833396312685,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 92.06818752702239,
      "attention_level": "Critical attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown','long_distance_without_fta']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 740400,
      "corridor_rank": 90,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 80731754.65158997,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 90426132.95052816,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 103208743.26102464,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 111862238.9457397,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 103110113.50632532,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -17.916650479078776,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -3.2778621705300215,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -4.067893892373975,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 198959637.81207085,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 2981237396.6144624,
      "historical_peak_year": 2008,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -13.8487565867048,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -3.447,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 8.9978,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 44.8276,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 2.7079948327251686,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.3071476546858043,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 16.977004105114986,
      "peer_top_exporter": "NLD",
      "supplier_count_latest": 95,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 745.16,
      "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.6000730527528626,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 59.423049046839395,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 740400,
    "num_markets": 72,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "IRL",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 193500,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "NGA",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 45,
    "median_price_across_markets": 5067.166666666667,
    "price_spread_pct": 3817.814031510048,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 3130.769134199134,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 3221463587
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 1516526983.217897,
      "active_destinations": 39,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 124.6714613109235
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 1815958518.2842298,
      "active_destinations": 40,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 19.744557029310045
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 977982739.2505295,
      "active_destinations": 36,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -46.1450947583012
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 556612543.5166572,
      "active_destinations": 40,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -43.0856475091561
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 450906087.0555408,
      "active_destinations": 42,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -18.991030240401518
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 408189822.1227654,
      "active_destinations": 50,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -9.47342831668488
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 331823993.88595545,
      "active_destinations": 48,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -18.708410670230407
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 495254087.92433465,
      "active_destinations": 48,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 49.25204236271969
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 608940413.3932917,
      "active_destinations": 50,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 22.95515135380895
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 600847320.278142,
      "active_destinations": 48,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -1.3290451638857992
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 513340186.3715987,
      "active_destinations": 49,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -14.563955093622582
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 901795399.7660869,
      "active_destinations": 53,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 75.67208329045405
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 792241920.5267193,
      "active_destinations": 45,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -12.148374150919846
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 704295600.3118762,
      "active_destinations": 51,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -11.100942519725836
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 927895007.4493204,
      "active_destinations": 47,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 31.747948878060573
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}