{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/740329",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/740329",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/740329",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "740329",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 106,
    "current_lane_count": 61,
    "active_market_count": 61,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 33458618.177944694,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 32442021.60840392,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 36972407.14976811,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 33184013.986719,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 28580803.586868934,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -4.053902677373422,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 2.856976723439253,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 3.7139167041666976,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 23113275.267379675,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 83003239.99799585,
    "historical_peak_year": 2022,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -7.76781938154012,
    "trend_label": "Declining",
    "top_market_iso3": "ITA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 8405614.986036595,
    "top_market_share_pct": 25.12242119902436,
    "destination_hhi": 934.852839406736,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 27.21424785702044,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": -1.034471321541834,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.0162216109841589,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 89.14360928256266,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 36.79245283018868,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 740329,
      "hs_description": "Copper: copper alloys n.e.s. in heading no. 7403 (other than master alloys of heading no. 7405)",
      "hs_chapter": 74,
      "hs_heading": 7403,
      "substitution_elasticity": -35.898651,
      "price_range_label": "Low price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Copper: copper alloys n.e.s. in heading no. 7403 (other than master alloys of heading no. 7405)",
    "hs_chapter": 74,
    "hs_heading": 7403,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 740329,
        "corridor_rank": 21,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "ITA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 29,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 8405614.986036595,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 2177627.5748329195,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 5430402.69459246,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 4946890.086273528,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 4038131.8478715094,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 13.269058204201635,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 22.72300038065587,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 10.95399967641737,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 8405614.986036595,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 24621238.141845696,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 57.142857142857146,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 2.315058527784265,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 89.0688,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 20.782,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 34.13969247854601,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 5.431267116457665,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 34.139692478546,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
        "supplier_count_latest": 24,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2133.29,
        "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.925198404819027,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 92.70104236127216,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 740329,
        "corridor_rank": 48,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "FRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 29,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 2494145.2458851403,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1233223.949152608,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 3240393.4776408053,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 3005799.9338524314,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 2320394.3615833614,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -9.627547119397173,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -0.7713754187643085,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 15.603470934725582,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 4260214.456096777,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 11238967.582367012,
        "historical_peak_year": 2022,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 60.714285714285715,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -25.231018054122757,
        "trend_label": "Declining",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -7.0964,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 13.5796,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 22.19194269941879,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -2.332392830703636,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 22.19194269941879,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
        "supplier_count_latest": 27,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1330.43,
        "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.9478135368975491,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 75.65987962087777,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 740329,
        "corridor_rank": 55,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "DEU",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1974887.5654630426,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 2823330.6628305456,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 3317212.8596428693,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 3495807.090785793,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 3282964.9885042906,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -27.80720316109342,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -7.785225073412205,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -4.59301522007447,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 13391564.777589053,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 81186784.79792562,
        "historical_peak_year": 2012,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -23.21418794101895,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 21.5366,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 10.8123,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 48.2759,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 2.432523433928994,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -2.2021718903047205,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 27.512278816174028,
        "peer_top_exporter": "USA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 29,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1642.81,
        "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.2147828934287266,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 95.02542543751944,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 740329,
        "corridor_rank": 63,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "NLD",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 29,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1551730.5820506273,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1118368.8943536258,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1700821.7856204035,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1680772.5935370058,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1642139.9155843891,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -7.78646333839581,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -1.0550991684559752,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -4.381218079165761,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 6169234.442246247,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 20531623.811963934,
        "historical_peak_year": 2007,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 60.714285714285715,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -3.4052452592300497,
        "trend_label": "Declining",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 12.5406,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 13.941,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 7.557758686122147,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.678228405876558,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 35.66370016559544,
        "peer_top_exporter": "FRA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 36,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2402.58,
        "distance_km": 1481.3658447265625,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.1224855644078393,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 92.31299213875195,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 740329,
        "corridor_rank": 75,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "FIN",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 15,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1205481.3269915548,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 576254.3774389249,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1187979.4161600482,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 838743.2973955827,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 618621.9781782212,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 46.24590894521563,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 20.700634564155564,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 6.495018137010011,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1514184.1945845943,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 17089992.670445934,
        "historical_peak_year": 2022,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 57.142857142857146,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 39.75089080820562,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 130.4322,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 41.3627,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 7.053726413096816,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -4.3299901829659335,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 89.5488259339756,
        "peer_top_exporter": "USA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 11,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 8071.31,
        "distance_km": 2952.194580078125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.03786010987878788,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.03786010987878788,
        "volatility_cv": 0.6996627572226555,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 88.91995824625857,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 740329,
        "corridor_rank": 90,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "THA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 10,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 937403.8899940741,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 278674.553379665,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 518029.82620411296,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 452460.2404594427,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 331318.0218248167,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 12.746876351329671,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 36.820423665245784,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 37.21085243984699,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 937403.8899940741,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 14293926.331736716,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.55555555555556,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -24.463976088517317,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 52.9625,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 29.1523,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 6.558057375129758,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.3691677357647771,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 60.88127392351793,
        "peer_top_exporter": "IND",
        "supplier_count_latest": 21,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 4062.41,
        "distance_km": 10193.6904296875,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.3057545667454546,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 1.1083692619388232,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 97.20705883720332,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier','long_distance_without_fta','buyer_macro_weakness']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 740329,
      "num_markets": 77,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "GNQ",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 604000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "MYS",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 817.8419829146427,
      "median_price_across_markets": 10399.660055381706,
      "price_spread_pct": 5800.018027559906,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 68.39423206751054,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 141556162
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 21138714.588664647,
        "active_destinations": 45,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 156.70451762287774
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 40626121.01893065,
        "active_destinations": 48,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 92.18822813718232
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 34710005.45282262,
        "active_destinations": 47,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -14.56234417101078
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 31004121.3041635,
        "active_destinations": 51,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -10.676702870865597
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 22528773.792690657,
        "active_destinations": 48,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -27.33619646345114
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 19313447.121331938,
        "active_destinations": 47,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -14.272089111223247
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 19663953.111481063,
        "active_destinations": 47,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1.814828745729121
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 22419673.527256377,
        "active_destinations": 37,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 14.014071332210154
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 30311012.493878145,
        "active_destinations": 49,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 35.19827778503551
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 28179879.681146875,
        "active_destinations": 42,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -7.030886260106588
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 18272422.371039465,
        "active_destinations": 46,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -35.157912035855055
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 36730426.11325119,
        "active_destinations": 53,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 101.01563639129967
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 42206714.20599432,
        "active_destinations": 55,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 14.90940528666359
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 36268485.634906076,
        "active_destinations": 61,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -14.069393182577766
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 32442021.608403914,
        "active_destinations": 61,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -10.550382679389948
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
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