{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/740321",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/740321",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/740321",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "740321",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 107,
    "current_lane_count": 49,
    "active_market_count": 49,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 36138175.779317975,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 34687419.23032958,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 40511334.54451249,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 42092117.12778234,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 39680331.89951023,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -13.782630541001739,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -0.7003300093180731,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -2.600350731073142,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 32939516.159770448,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 94793133.11290595,
    "historical_peak_year": 2021,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -11.182279809928596,
    "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
    "top_market_iso3": "DEU",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 8633484.016171569,
    "top_market_share_pct": 23.89020427841448,
    "destination_hhi": 1236.380598700168,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 20.808414711515116,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": -2.327051432180633,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.8580869274453351,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 79.60625776268976,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 42.99065420560748,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 740321,
      "hs_description": "Copper: copper-zinc base alloys (brass) unwrought",
      "hs_chapter": 74,
      "hs_heading": 7403,
      "substitution_elasticity": -39.134525,
      "price_range_label": "High price range",
      "trade_type_label": "Two-way horizontal trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Copper: copper-zinc base alloys (brass) unwrought",
    "hs_chapter": 74,
    "hs_heading": 7403,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 740321,
        "corridor_rank": 41,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "DEU",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 8633484.016171569,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 7544791.152591507,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 10218973.211838836,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 9620775.961496376,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 9210377.369626956,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -6.068512640962398,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -0.13525163504459758,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -7.149882687928555,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 18128485.411474302,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 62595927.41335796,
        "historical_peak_year": 2014,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 1.081370046966157,
        "trend_label": "Declining",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 11.7264,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 9.2449,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 13.792405309629114,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -3.5830879495177186,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 28.853089471045053,
        "peer_top_exporter": "FRA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 50,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1702.93,
        "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.7680215701285933,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 68.51932725239409,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 740321,
        "corridor_rank": 50,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "FRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 5873377.017560896,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 2158503.942016663,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 5683201.225658965,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 4883447.215500655,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 3654805.5226557837,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 10.791221207998735,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 10.069367713701215,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 14.083179575960925,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 5906910.366256431,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 27819463.18003734,
        "historical_peak_year": 2022,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -3.2919583679621898,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 44.4262,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 14.1382,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 21.112474311781504,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -6.243452759209479,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 51.73505637382719,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ITA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 35,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3270.76,
        "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.7091580614246863,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 73.16130388619848,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 740321,
        "corridor_rank": 53,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "PRT",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 5571031.456920883,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 4852061.538729974,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 7858695.105871104,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 7631836.9709789995,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 7780442.475433725,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -12.674147804222557,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -3.810819710096347,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 3.033464978856415,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 10653411.385491857,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 15517988.620083336,
        "historical_peak_year": 2018,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 41.37931034482759,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -15.707612783078972,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -14.0822,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 9.5084,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 35.90047391651564,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -6.684604165708102,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 51.94837656948751,
        "peer_top_exporter": "FRA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 14,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 4038.34,
        "distance_km": 500.9222717285156,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.5522383708321194,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 69.420697709047,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 740321,
        "corridor_rank": 80,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "CHN",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 28,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 2188947.2198621193,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 2023614.291536719,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 2236169.044026326,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 3793707.7476215074,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 3235291.548890752,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -34.92044085689551,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 19.307298919499715,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 0.2634149762913429,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 7941480.66753379,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 825355980.2150661,
        "historical_peak_year": 2021,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 70.37037037037037,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -35.183855833186854,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -6.1016,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 26.4352,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.2652124988894776,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.1202297551499095,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 13.022907885157512,
        "peer_top_exporter": "KOR",
        "supplier_count_latest": 84,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 563.33,
        "distance_km": 9232.298828125,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.30189875567878793,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 1.0779998910062987,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 98.60569710354362,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown','long_distance_without_fta']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 740321,
        "corridor_rank": 91,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "MEX",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 20,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1656948.0313783137,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 688988.045961895,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 2051762.0773178202,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 2018941.113364016,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1060147.7518042715,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -22.384291085519536,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 43.68566746901321,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 25.341951090247107,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 3543724.913326057,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 38397596.17330216,
        "historical_peak_year": 2021,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 57.89473684210526,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -47.72624217576664,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 18.8871,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 12.9544,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 4.315238964178673,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.19243350915747737,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 85.11313997387704,
        "peer_top_exporter": "USA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 30,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 7322.66,
        "distance_km": 9073.951171875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.10968114655848483,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.13100950524598787,
        "volatility_cv": 1.4227414978851856,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.30514160346199,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 740321,
      "num_markets": 78,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 224608.69565217392,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "SEN",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 1140,
      "median_price_across_markets": 7933.0441145724435,
      "price_spread_pct": 2816.934992730945,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 128.20262598425194,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 190525610
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 37302352.250405595,
        "active_destinations": 42,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 31.166571472381342
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 40965888.07829129,
        "active_destinations": 42,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 9.8211925170104
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 43902157.79048571,
        "active_destinations": 49,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 7.167596871286706
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 38184515.63624364,
        "active_destinations": 55,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -13.02360166789153
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 45143794.37647241,
        "active_destinations": 54,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 18.22539483419092
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 36340361.68881536,
        "active_destinations": 46,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -19.500870073617772
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 36711635.77048295,
        "active_destinations": 50,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1.0216576401930966
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 39381524.96186295,
        "active_destinations": 57,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 7.272596645030613
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 37981217.44808094,
        "active_destinations": 57,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -3.555747308257023
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 35927993.48694844,
        "active_destinations": 56,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -5.40589296259182
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 34802856.255014196,
        "active_destinations": 53,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -3.131645056501612
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 54123725.75036003,
        "active_destinations": 47,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 55.51518344866362
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 51080364.726928726,
        "active_destinations": 48,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -5.622970298586765
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 35766219.676279165,
        "active_destinations": 47,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -29.980492763741363
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 34687419.23032957,
        "active_destinations": 49,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -3.016255158397611
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "740321",
    "hs_description": "Copper: copper-zinc base alloys (brass) unwrought",
    "hs_chapter": 74,
    "hs_heading": 7403
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 740321,
      "corridor_rank": 41,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 8633484.016171569,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 7544791.152591507,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 10218973.211838836,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 9620775.961496376,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 9210377.369626956,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -6.068512640962398,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -0.13525163504459758,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -7.149882687928555,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 18128485.411474302,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 62595927.41335796,
      "historical_peak_year": 2014,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 1.081370046966157,
      "trend_label": "Declining",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 11.7264,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 9.2449,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 13.792405309629114,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -3.5830879495177186,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 28.853089471045053,
      "peer_top_exporter": "FRA",
      "supplier_count_latest": 50,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1702.93,
      "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.7680215701285933,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 68.51932725239409,
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