{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/740319",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/740319",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/740319",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "740319",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 102,
    "current_lane_count": 27,
    "active_market_count": 27,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 22362669.500191107,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 20727325.851095967,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 17490347.453961134,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 20289716.756149866,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 18756322.328734543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.900103611084747,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 11.806412325465976,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 4.427498829124121,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 30909977.036180552,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 144605062.56594244,
    "historical_peak_year": 2007,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -2.5273952180393744,
    "trend_label": "Stable",
    "top_market_iso3": "PRT",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 9762140.628034355,
    "top_market_share_pct": 43.65373565061599,
    "destination_hhi": 2391.0299732135586,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 38.88075629668261,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 4.443982534384808,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.012210752562688,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 89.98923567021298,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 56.86274509803921,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 83.5,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 740319,
      "hs_description": "Copper: refined, unwrought, n.e.c. in item no. 7403.1",
      "hs_chapter": 74,
      "hs_heading": 7403,
      "substitution_elasticity": -35.898651,
      "price_range_label": "Unclassified",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Copper: refined, unwrought, n.e.c. in item no. 7403.1",
    "hs_chapter": 74,
    "hs_heading": 7403,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 740319,
        "corridor_rank": 52,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "PRT",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 29,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 9762140.628034355,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 5083635.368081479,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 6386512.755083218,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 5379157.040660428,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 3632732.3096616147,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 26.29612720030654,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 42.5093715592664,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 11.669284191450169,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 21068046.908436164,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 11963078.36483137,
        "historical_peak_year": 2008,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 71.42857142857143,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 14.62684300885637,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 72.3491,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 41.1006,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 72.4138,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 81.6022459297161,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 10.074224626624996,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 81.6022459297161,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
        "supplier_count_latest": 10,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 6772.49,
        "distance_km": 500.9222717285156,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.1004077806300276,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 97.0348392709658,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 740319,
        "corridor_rank": 86,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "DEU",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 3304845.767561961,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 7155826.381128768,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 4475053.7654152885,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 4353035.292866366,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 3384150.556145344,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -6.449077025201788,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -12.994722675901993,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -1.240511254838872,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 28708866.39872389,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 44520582.38558268,
        "historical_peak_year": 2007,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 44.827586206896555,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -5.208565770362917,
        "trend_label": "Declining",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -23.756,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 2.8338,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 41.3793,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 7.423186289297477,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -2.2400573033338587,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 32.43599922062337,
        "peer_top_exporter": "BEL",
        "supplier_count_latest": 30,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1636.89,
        "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.015820583945948,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.43244493240181,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown']",
        "signal_flag": "Stable",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 740319,
      "num_markets": 54,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "NAM",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 526500,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "MYS",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 394.03254816505824,
      "median_price_across_markets": 9592.554338063588,
      "price_spread_pct": 5484.5242352626365,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 111.93088976377952,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 105643645
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 29872433.049836982,
        "active_destinations": 23,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -30.960455163152933
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 37535905.359853216,
        "active_destinations": 22,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 25.653994427675364
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 45275271.65679156,
        "active_destinations": 25,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 20.618568335415823
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 22862719.14580644,
        "active_destinations": 28,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -49.502855953870586
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 13439852.816871235,
        "active_destinations": 30,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -41.21498527292883
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 27710020.99792666,
        "active_destinations": 40,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 106.17800935395574
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 26865860.804806486,
        "active_destinations": 31,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -3.0464076269856903
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 11739815.06869337,
        "active_destinations": 29,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -56.302107146356406
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 7935527.845316147,
        "active_destinations": 28,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -32.40500128083053
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 11863414.78985345,
        "active_destinations": 27,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 49.49748801972501
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 29388219.728656366,
        "active_destinations": 26,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 147.72142127064077
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 19589321.690209545,
        "active_destinations": 33,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -33.34294533292857
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 16151342.879034955,
        "active_destinations": 29,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -17.550269813032074
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 15592373.631752485,
        "active_destinations": 27,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -3.460822121534133
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 20727325.851095967,
        "active_destinations": 27,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 32.932460064236835
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "740319",
    "hs_description": "Copper: refined, unwrought, n.e.c. in item no. 7403.1",
    "hs_chapter": 74,
    "hs_heading": 7403
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 740319,
      "corridor_rank": 52,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "PRT",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 29,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 9762140.628034355,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 5083635.368081479,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 6386512.755083218,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 5379157.040660428,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 3632732.3096616147,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 26.29612720030654,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 42.5093715592664,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 11.669284191450169,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 21068046.908436164,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 11963078.36483137,
      "historical_peak_year": 2008,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 71.42857142857143,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 14.62684300885637,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 72.3491,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 41.1006,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 72.4138,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 81.6022459297161,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 10.074224626624996,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 81.6022459297161,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
      "supplier_count_latest": 10,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 6772.49,
      "distance_km": 500.9222717285156,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 1.1004077806300276,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 97.0348392709658,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 740319,
      "corridor_rank": 86,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 3304845.767561961,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 7155826.381128768,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 4475053.7654152885,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 4353035.292866366,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 3384150.556145344,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -6.449077025201788,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -12.994722675901993,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -1.240511254838872,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 28708866.39872389,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 44520582.38558268,
      "historical_peak_year": 2007,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 44.827586206896555,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -5.208565770362917,
      "trend_label": "Declining",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -23.756,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 2.8338,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 41.3793,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 7.423186289297477,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -2.2400573033338587,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 32.43599922062337,
      "peer_top_exporter": "BEL",
      "supplier_count_latest": 30,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1636.89,
      "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 1.015820583945948,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.43244493240181,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown']",
      "signal_flag": "Stable",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 740319,
    "num_markets": 54,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "NAM",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 526500,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "MYS",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 394.03254816505824,
    "median_price_across_markets": 9592.554338063588,
    "price_spread_pct": 5484.5242352626365,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 111.93088976377952,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 105643645
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 29872433.049836982,
      "active_destinations": 23,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -30.960455163152933
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 37535905.359853216,
      "active_destinations": 22,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 25.653994427675364
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 45275271.65679156,
      "active_destinations": 25,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 20.618568335415823
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 22862719.14580644,
      "active_destinations": 28,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -49.502855953870586
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 13439852.816871235,
      "active_destinations": 30,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -41.21498527292883
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 27710020.99792666,
      "active_destinations": 40,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 106.17800935395574
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 26865860.804806486,
      "active_destinations": 31,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -3.0464076269856903
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 11739815.06869337,
      "active_destinations": 29,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -56.302107146356406
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 7935527.845316147,
      "active_destinations": 28,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -32.40500128083053
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 11863414.78985345,
      "active_destinations": 27,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 49.49748801972501
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 29388219.728656366,
      "active_destinations": 26,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 147.72142127064077
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 19589321.690209545,
      "active_destinations": 33,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -33.34294533292857
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 16151342.879034955,
      "active_destinations": 29,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -17.550269813032074
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 15592373.631752485,
      "active_destinations": 27,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -3.460822121534133
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 20727325.851095967,
      "active_destinations": 27,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 32.932460064236835
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}