{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/732619",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/732619",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/732619",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "732619",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 173,
    "current_lane_count": 135,
    "active_market_count": 135,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 154194872.92235637,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 153896278.74664167,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 161892174.53573146,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 148420878.3760244,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 144832951.10535687,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 3.743651467722464,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 1.9709384572641708,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 0.7823555554133943,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 98464858.63440715,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 305777913.0807029,
    "historical_peak_year": 2013,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 2.96129591230907,
    "trend_label": "Growing",
    "top_market_iso3": "DEU",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 43248359.925897904,
    "top_market_share_pct": 28.047858600120435,
    "destination_hhi": 1492.3772500435848,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 12.944663541633181,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 2.836736072639838,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.798849649846705,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 69.24204398413255,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 16.184971098265898,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 732619,
      "hs_description": "Iron or steel: articles n.e.s. in item no. 7326.11, forged or stamped, but not further worked",
      "hs_chapter": 73,
      "hs_heading": 7326,
      "substitution_elasticity": -7.2099895,
      "price_range_label": "High price range",
      "trade_type_label": "Two-way horizontal trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Iron or steel: articles n.e.s. in item no. 7326.11, forged or stamped, but not further worked",
    "hs_chapter": 73,
    "hs_heading": 7326,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 732619,
        "corridor_rank": 15,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "DEU",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 43248359.925897904,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 25961061.0075402,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 48362123.217520535,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 43775637.653504476,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 42886173.08152287,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.929369221213272,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 1.5706160454901807,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 0.15162110269448803,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 51679388.81982859,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 409967742.1140258,
        "historical_peak_year": 2023,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 0.777748118518784,
        "trend_label": "Stable",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -36.147,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 5.8927,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 10.549210458092357,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 2.500081274361712,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 19.38120273128833,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CZE",
        "supplier_count_latest": 78,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1058.47,
        "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.6569648858819203,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 52.29704074504172,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 732619,
        "corridor_rank": 20,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "FRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 36949354.473497614,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 18806653.08898955,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 35037108.20267577,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 30024478.97027128,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 26507024.211730056,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 13.311955005086995,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 9.02057776297449,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 3.9522310410474937,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 37197570.72422934,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 147834713.32512507,
        "historical_peak_year": 2023,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 72.41379310344827,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 9.359723964039501,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -26.4197,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 3.2618,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 24.99369305248143,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 6.47971894801908,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 25.102777058639308,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ITA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 78,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1407.27,
        "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.49696294681763437,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 52.14237814823206,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 732619,
      "num_markets": 157,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "ECU",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 1205500,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "HUN",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 124.45902970319132,
      "median_price_across_markets": 7192.307692307692,
      "price_spread_pct": 16759.23212044263,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 251.76042721518976,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 752692404
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 93646831.67718425,
        "active_destinations": 114,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 6.646362852182632
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 140985339.81384665,
        "active_destinations": 116,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 50.55003707957347
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 128652307.38016096,
        "active_destinations": 127,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -8.74774104170682
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 177124259.41427213,
        "active_destinations": 126,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 37.67670632667244
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 142358391.04015243,
        "active_destinations": 134,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -19.62795412050619
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 133202435.3344246,
        "active_destinations": 127,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -6.43162348129193
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 130517155.43634802,
        "active_destinations": 136,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -2.0159390414557983
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 139687578.65275988,
        "active_destinations": 136,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 7.026220565222315
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 163230607.7591204,
        "active_destinations": 135,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 16.854060563884914
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 139587341.9907941,
        "active_destinations": 133,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -14.484578654033259
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 118597940.29895179,
        "active_destinations": 133,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -15.036751465062334
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 137829927.97397578,
        "active_destinations": 130,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 16.216122831935863
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 157976678.60858694,
        "active_destinations": 125,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 14.617108875232923
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 173803566.25196582,
        "active_destinations": 127,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 10.018496263358331
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 153896278.7466416,
        "active_destinations": 135,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -11.453900477775179
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "732619",
    "hs_description": "Iron or steel: articles n.e.s. in item no. 7326.11, forged or stamped, but not further worked",
    "hs_chapter": 73,
    "hs_heading": 7326
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 732619,
      "corridor_rank": 15,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 43248359.925897904,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 25961061.0075402,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 48362123.217520535,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 43775637.653504476,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 42886173.08152287,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.929369221213272,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 1.5706160454901807,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 0.15162110269448803,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 51679388.81982859,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 409967742.1140258,
      "historical_peak_year": 2023,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 0.777748118518784,
      "trend_label": "Stable",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -36.147,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 5.8927,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 10.549210458092357,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 2.500081274361712,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 19.38120273128833,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CZE",
      "supplier_count_latest": 78,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1058.47,
      "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.6569648858819203,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 52.29704074504172,
      "attention_level": "Stable",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 732619,
      "corridor_rank": 20,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "FRA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 36949354.473497614,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 18806653.08898955,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 35037108.20267577,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 30024478.97027128,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 26507024.211730056,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 13.311955005086995,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 9.02057776297449,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 3.9522310410474937,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 37197570.72422934,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 147834713.32512507,
      "historical_peak_year": 2023,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 72.41379310344827,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 9.359723964039501,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -26.4197,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 3.2618,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 24.99369305248143,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 6.47971894801908,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 25.102777058639308,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ITA",
      "supplier_count_latest": 78,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1407.27,
      "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.49696294681763437,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 52.14237814823206,
      "attention_level": "Stable",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 732619,
    "num_markets": 157,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "ECU",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 1205500,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "HUN",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 124.45902970319132,
    "median_price_across_markets": 7192.307692307692,
    "price_spread_pct": 16759.23212044263,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 251.76042721518976,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 752692404
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 93646831.67718425,
      "active_destinations": 114,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 6.646362852182632
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 140985339.81384665,
      "active_destinations": 116,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 50.55003707957347
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 128652307.38016096,
      "active_destinations": 127,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -8.74774104170682
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 177124259.41427213,
      "active_destinations": 126,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 37.67670632667244
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 142358391.04015243,
      "active_destinations": 134,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -19.62795412050619
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 133202435.3344246,
      "active_destinations": 127,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -6.43162348129193
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 130517155.43634802,
      "active_destinations": 136,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -2.0159390414557983
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 139687578.65275988,
      "active_destinations": 136,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 7.026220565222315
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 163230607.7591204,
      "active_destinations": 135,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 16.854060563884914
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 139587341.9907941,
      "active_destinations": 133,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -14.484578654033259
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 118597940.29895179,
      "active_destinations": 133,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -15.036751465062334
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 137829927.97397578,
      "active_destinations": 130,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 16.216122831935863
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 157976678.60858694,
      "active_destinations": 125,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 14.617108875232923
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 173803566.25196582,
      "active_destinations": 127,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 10.018496263358331
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 153896278.7466416,
      "active_destinations": 135,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -11.453900477775179
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}