{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/732599",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/732599",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/732599",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "732599",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 180,
    "current_lane_count": 129,
    "active_market_count": 129,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 267684218.26168504,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 265213970.24254918,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 266684385.5743372,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 242897187.71084696,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 236247238.91804966,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 6.4116844663152595,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 1.103185917337135,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 0.15817185152355862,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 158023092.47542426,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 490518743.7779304,
    "historical_peak_year": 2018,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 6.253512614791701,
    "trend_label": "Growing",
    "top_market_iso3": "DEU",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 94801728.59358211,
    "top_market_share_pct": 35.41550906856414,
    "destination_hhi": 1576.544767714935,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 14.408494218434157,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 0.545899779701478,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.7919180243944492,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 65.0942252049475,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 17.77777777777778,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 732599,
      "hs_description": "Iron or steel: cast articles, excluding grinding balls and similar articles for mills, other than of non-malleable cast iron",
      "hs_chapter": 73,
      "hs_heading": 7325,
      "substitution_elasticity": -4.2227435,
      "price_range_label": "Low price range",
      "trade_type_label": "Two-way vertical trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Iron or steel: cast articles, excluding grinding balls and similar articles for mills, other than of non-malleable cast iron",
    "hs_chapter": 73,
    "hs_heading": 7325,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 732599,
        "corridor_rank": 3,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "DEU",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 94801728.59358211,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 50061235.04674722,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 96586544.07691182,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 84188869.02831542,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 80173119.81123057,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 8.451807645937537,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 5.049798860203025,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 2.0887604604148846,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 102088340.00725155,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 587710084.4647267,
        "historical_peak_year": 2023,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 6.363047185522652,
        "trend_label": "Growing",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -16.4294,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 6.2167,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 16.130696256458723,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 1.6140418538102939,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 16.13069625645873,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
        "supplier_count_latest": 73,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 819.41,
        "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.5877647464927835,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 47.77000777228032,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 732599,
        "corridor_rank": 22,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "FRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 28678275.576715924,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 17719158.134980645,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 29588384.09172235,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 25801211.18922559,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 23322728.022447906,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 9.804523415151545,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 9.075175033818518,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 1.0153297112423187,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 31263906.593728263,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 192684363.05747956,
        "historical_peak_year": 2023,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 72.41379310344827,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 8.789193703909227,
        "trend_label": "Growing",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -3.2411,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 7.2897,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 14.883551068521793,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.8160139950629404,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 14.8835510685218,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
        "supplier_count_latest": 74,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 871.29,
        "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.3901149970905225,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 51.57197616532196,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 732599,
        "corridor_rank": 29,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "POL",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 25341252.62655151,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 5938337.453786522,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 24070763.572806865,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 20154676.14311841,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 15500918.261598522,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 15.913698325931813,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 2.512224607222513,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 24.47331479394279,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 27614456.943560433,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 150274485.8809983,
        "historical_peak_year": 2023,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68.96551724137932,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -8.559616468010978,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 5.557,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 17.5682,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 79.3103,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 16.863310147418595,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -2.5338507258290868,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 17.6474114168191,
        "peer_top_exporter": "FRA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 57,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1164.83,
        "distance_km": 2293.0048828125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.08183472355387879,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.04607734616949498,
        "volatility_cv": 1.3619286314407235,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 81.6001420704983,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 732599,
        "corridor_rank": 65,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "SVK",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 12794800.82218105,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 6413939.019391255,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 13350899.347046023,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 11576129.660381172,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 12088945.116626885,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 10.116159624230692,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 3.045671274923545,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 0.02378519956713898,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 14130517.592991915,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 72803163.32504898,
        "historical_peak_year": 2016,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68.96551724137932,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 10.092374424663554,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -18.7086,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 11.6656,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 17.57451220224494,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 2.0056358671113674,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 33.252419997879294,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CZE",
        "supplier_count_latest": 43,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1639.64,
        "distance_km": 1865.66357421875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.02287628029761905,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.02287628029761905,
        "volatility_cv": 0.8405526490056173,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 81.13858544415285,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 732599,
        "corridor_rank": 84,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "SWE",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 10626493.076817026,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 3271673.8348501506,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 7664142.819574543,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 5636519.775136342,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 4609013.935891436,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 62.83452404683689,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 32.23959195026593,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 6.001140008449224,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 10626493.076817026,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 90584564.4699184,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 56.83338403838766,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -0.1813,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 5.726,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 11.73101967095719,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 2.4205649968055276,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 11.73101967095719,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
        "supplier_count_latest": 51,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 723.42,
        "distance_km": 2596.90771484375,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.020748499880808083,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.020748499880808083,
        "volatility_cv": 0.6311623454523018,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 69.57350349276756,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 732599,
        "corridor_rank": 93,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "CZE",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 9193857.59174843,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 4656051.310127094,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 9034681.0575265,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 6950742.831185497,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 6673388.027464115,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 32.90336408611372,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 8.39492681603038,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 3.832801108176276,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 54890026.06969207,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 91781598.39275607,
        "historical_peak_year": 2010,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 29.070562977937442,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -5.3037,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 12.4181,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 10.017103376654706,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 1.1919490926514271,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 18.128055237195014,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 49,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 996.29,
        "distance_km": 1776.3475341796875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.026038070801587307,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.026038070801587307,
        "volatility_cv": 2.111533742402116,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 97.29050855125517,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 732599,
        "corridor_rank": 94,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "PRT",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 8998898.0015559,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 8102645.037754781,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 9750977.083575191,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 9679154.277598187,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 14269377.51469543,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -3.3213383953993203,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -14.296106959394928,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -6.297436170761694,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 23337189.98149029,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 30347946.063672516,
        "historical_peak_year": 2018,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 2.9760977753623736,
        "trend_label": "Declining",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 27.1171,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 10.7262,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 29.652412004013268,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -3.2867534680063137,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 29.65241200401326,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
        "supplier_count_latest": 43,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1932.65,
        "distance_km": 500.9222717285156,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.8375167652662189,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 66.30314908969724,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 732599,
        "corridor_rank": 100,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "NOR",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 8469644.40441251,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 5349678.440917147,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 8843994.755406639,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 8023512.284215709,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 7627686.880156633,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 4.208720153717227,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 3.2840086401922264,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -2.0924518974836714,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 10464137.320769355,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 35091094.291296326,
        "historical_peak_year": 2014,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 6.301172051200899,
        "trend_label": "Growing",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -5.3528,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 8.7898,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 24.13616495998885,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.9327575731966604,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 24.136164959988847,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
        "supplier_count_latest": 45,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1255.34,
        "distance_km": 2390.7822265625,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.027626026818626265,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": -0.005222757343741426,
        "volatility_cv": 0.5781082738343448,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 60.23743263879637,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 732599,
      "num_markets": 163,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "MOZ",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 1148333.3333333333,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "CMR",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 108.50492390331245,
      "median_price_across_markets": 5741.372203850321,
      "price_spread_pct": 19999.13587973619,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 572.7608710191082,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 1193672990
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 216480115.969664,
        "active_destinations": 120,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 87.33458391364842
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 202569827.3556703,
        "active_destinations": 122,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -6.425665725319083
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 207093685.1850223,
        "active_destinations": 132,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 2.233233788272447
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 216499420.8334574,
        "active_destinations": 131,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 4.541778103968652
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 261055295.72627112,
        "active_destinations": 125,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 20.580135836524203
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 200790570.21010005,
        "active_destinations": 132,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -23.08504232733953
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 190637376.20150113,
        "active_destinations": 131,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -5.056608982172313
      },
      {
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}