{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/732591",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/732591",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/732591",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "732591",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 110,
    "current_lane_count": 26,
    "active_market_count": 26,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 16441062.006485134,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 12625637.870290017,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 13078948.924395608,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 12859631.478881348,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 12526102.788213873,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -3.33756126432303,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 4.916117155290478,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 4.943762213555125,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 13379962.071363699,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 45336494.73340934,
    "historical_peak_year": 2015,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -8.281323477878155,
    "trend_label": "Declining",
    "top_market_iso3": "PRT",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 4646177.263069947,
    "top_market_share_pct": 28.2595933354991,
    "destination_hhi": 1739.7182005124564,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 60.98833894603881,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 7.861867120442864,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.14557111066441,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 56.32429826255508,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 51.81818181818182,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 83,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 732591,
      "hs_description": "Iron: grinding balls and similar articles for mills, other than of non-malleable cast iron",
      "hs_chapter": 73,
      "hs_heading": 7325,
      "substitution_elasticity": -5.9568009,
      "price_range_label": "Unclassified",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Iron: grinding balls and similar articles for mills, other than of non-malleable cast iron",
    "hs_chapter": 73,
    "hs_heading": 7325,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 732591,
        "corridor_rank": 48,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "BRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 7,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 909391.9261766609,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 132636.3111119996,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 909391.9261766609,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 909391.9261766609,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 308297.47360415966,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 424.7731453093257,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 170.38522824800418,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 81.47644973146444,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 909391.9261766609,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 35051899.91499102,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 83.33333333333333,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 343.2966955778612,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -42.5072,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 366.8007,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 2.594415504957355,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 2.578129765791612,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 62.58540643194287,
        "peer_top_exporter": "IND",
        "supplier_count_latest": 16,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 4499.09,
        "distance_km": 8389.7802734375,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.2883659997252525,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 2.3909369987643068,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 31.659184597145472,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier','long_distance_without_fta']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "Medium",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 732591,
      "num_markets": 56,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "CHN",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 189000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "GMB",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 308.955223880597,
      "median_price_across_markets": 5167.083854818523,
      "price_spread_pct": 3651.7898698345502,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 415.3807264150944,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 61207659
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 1470369.5542294076,
        "active_destinations": 25,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -21.942721927598953
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 4508061.102799393,
        "active_destinations": 27,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 206.59374643825385
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 7256015.125166049,
        "active_destinations": 31,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 60.9564502277985
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 7726569.228764359,
        "active_destinations": 29,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 6.485020985778904
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 7792683.425222739,
        "active_destinations": 27,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 0.8556733849254955
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 15011215.48581449,
        "active_destinations": 30,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 92.63217388284221
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 12230690.724493202,
        "active_destinations": 26,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -18.522982125923562
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 9370108.201906592,
        "active_destinations": 28,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -23.388560687402574
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 14418728.673575515,
        "active_destinations": 28,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 53.880065874176886
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 9932127.401942218,
        "active_destinations": 27,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -31.116483104752973
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 11082182.51255505,
        "active_destinations": 26,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 11.579141749510178
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 13979128.108664861,
        "active_destinations": 28,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 26.140569268082796
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 13753773.735351434,
        "active_destinations": 25,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -1.6120774597790737
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 12857435.16754537,
        "active_destinations": 23,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -6.517037324106889
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 12625637.870290017,
        "active_destinations": 26,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -1.8028268798154612
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "732591",
    "hs_description": "Iron: grinding balls and similar articles for mills, other than of non-malleable cast iron",
    "hs_chapter": 73,
    "hs_heading": 7325
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 732591,
      "corridor_rank": 48,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "BRA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 7,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 909391.9261766609,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 132636.3111119996,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 909391.9261766609,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 909391.9261766609,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 308297.47360415966,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 424.7731453093257,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 170.38522824800418,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 81.47644973146444,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 909391.9261766609,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 35051899.91499102,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 83.33333333333333,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 343.2966955778612,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -42.5072,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 366.8007,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 2.594415504957355,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 2.578129765791612,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 62.58540643194287,
      "peer_top_exporter": "IND",
      "supplier_count_latest": 16,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 4499.09,
      "distance_km": 8389.7802734375,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.2883659997252525,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 2.3909369987643068,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 31.659184597145472,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier','long_distance_without_fta']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "Medium",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 732591,
    "num_markets": 56,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "CHN",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 189000,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "GMB",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 308.955223880597,
    "median_price_across_markets": 5167.083854818523,
    "price_spread_pct": 3651.7898698345502,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 415.3807264150944,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 61207659
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 1470369.5542294076,
      "active_destinations": 25,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -21.942721927598953
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 4508061.102799393,
      "active_destinations": 27,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 206.59374643825385
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 7256015.125166049,
      "active_destinations": 31,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 60.9564502277985
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 7726569.228764359,
      "active_destinations": 29,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 6.485020985778904
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 7792683.425222739,
      "active_destinations": 27,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 0.8556733849254955
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 15011215.48581449,
      "active_destinations": 30,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 92.63217388284221
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 12230690.724493202,
      "active_destinations": 26,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -18.522982125923562
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 9370108.201906592,
      "active_destinations": 28,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -23.388560687402574
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 14418728.673575515,
      "active_destinations": 28,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 53.880065874176886
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 9932127.401942218,
      "active_destinations": 27,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -31.116483104752973
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 11082182.51255505,
      "active_destinations": 26,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 11.579141749510178
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 13979128.108664861,
      "active_destinations": 28,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 26.140569268082796
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 13753773.735351434,
      "active_destinations": 25,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -1.6120774597790737
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 12857435.16754537,
      "active_destinations": 23,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -6.517037324106889
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 12625637.870290017,
      "active_destinations": 26,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -1.8028268798154612
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}