{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/732510",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/732510",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/732510",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "732510",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 154,
    "current_lane_count": 100,
    "active_market_count": 100,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 79076411.55162701,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 78684465.82472245,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 105274228.57995997,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 108589858.6153743,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 90160161.37363976,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -14.382861624400622,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -5.617979323598843,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -2.0900565206971033,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 79473865.03942412,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 248125190.19132504,
    "historical_peak_year": 2008,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -12.292805103703518,
    "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
    "top_market_iso3": "FRA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 44281657.8420089,
    "top_market_share_pct": 55.99856768044984,
    "destination_hhi": 3351.463226480776,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 22.90298276316115,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 2.264217014825149,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.8098652355986904,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 64.41428508875117,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 22.727272727272727,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 732510,
      "hs_description": "Iron: articles of non-malleable cast iron",
      "hs_chapter": 73,
      "hs_heading": 7325,
      "substitution_elasticity": -10.843892,
      "price_range_label": "Medium price range",
      "trade_type_label": "Two-way vertical trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Iron: articles of non-malleable cast iron",
    "hs_chapter": 73,
    "hs_heading": 7325,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 732510,
        "corridor_rank": 10,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "FRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 44281657.8420089,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 21628479.35807102,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 46095835.61317756,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 43206841.37010179,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 35867181.73934207,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -0.15748700441825525,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 6.338344760680492,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 3.4224688960622363,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 47880695.64167951,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 121804935.08168533,
        "historical_peak_year": 2023,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -3.5799559004804915,
        "trend_label": "Stable",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -17.8056,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 4.6791,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 36.35456791000509,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 4.044491511075506,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 36.35456791000509,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
        "supplier_count_latest": 47,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1842.29,
        "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.6663614777191456,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 47.11468816449382,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 732510,
        "corridor_rank": 61,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "DEU",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 9538042.543377526,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 16944786.61950389,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 19537764.294671092,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 21742084.534634545,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 17996028.117613323,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -30.444649219752694,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -16.32957293479028,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -6.3005950005945,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 38373520.55713373,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 453960869.0102373,
        "historical_peak_year": 2008,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -24.144054219158193,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -13.0682,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 4.3725,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 2.101071522788549,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -1.0360526966065686,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 23.289322699673598,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CZE",
        "supplier_count_latest": 68,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1356.97,
        "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.5750160780676542,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 75.14420776384985,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown']",
        "signal_flag": "Stable",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 732510,
      "num_markets": 133,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "ARG",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 1627000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "BOL",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 285.6233168389074,
      "median_price_across_markets": 4739.18425533246,
      "price_spread_pct": 34324.775932752695,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 364.23485215605734,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 488327115
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 97723371.57110539,
        "active_destinations": 84,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 13.22804015946141
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 119519737.99538374,
        "active_destinations": 92,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 22.304149021730073
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 111745941.91679887,
        "active_destinations": 95,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -6.50419437740494
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 132049778.02042077,
        "active_destinations": 98,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 18.16964066465988
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 97189870.21986605,
        "active_destinations": 93,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -26.399065809231292
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 59886410.68130665,
        "active_destinations": 93,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -38.38204480998926
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 54810315.902385585,
        "active_destinations": 90,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -8.47620473688792
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 65680816.53218934,
        "active_destinations": 103,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 19.832946500734586
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 73213507.8558505,
        "active_destinations": 104,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 11.468632275558702
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 105061269.68779407,
        "active_destinations": 100,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 43.499844174449855
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 101752782.14494899,
        "active_destinations": 97,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -3.1491029498089746
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 125373825.19204262,
        "active_destinations": 98,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 23.214149578185445
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 133677241.47629523,
        "active_destinations": 102,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 6.622926493256285
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 103460978.43886223,
        "active_destinations": 103,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -22.603894801936946
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 78684465.82472242,
        "active_destinations": 100,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -23.947688285956907
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "732510",
    "hs_description": "Iron: articles of non-malleable cast iron",
    "hs_chapter": 73,
    "hs_heading": 7325
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 732510,
      "corridor_rank": 10,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "FRA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 44281657.8420089,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 21628479.35807102,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 46095835.61317756,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 43206841.37010179,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 35867181.73934207,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -0.15748700441825525,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 6.338344760680492,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 3.4224688960622363,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 47880695.64167951,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 121804935.08168533,
      "historical_peak_year": 2023,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -3.5799559004804915,
      "trend_label": "Stable",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -17.8056,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 4.6791,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 36.35456791000509,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 4.044491511075506,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 36.35456791000509,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
      "supplier_count_latest": 47,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1842.29,
      "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.6663614777191456,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 47.11468816449382,
      "attention_level": "Stable",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 732510,
      "corridor_rank": 61,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 9538042.543377526,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 16944786.61950389,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 19537764.294671092,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 21742084.534634545,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 17996028.117613323,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -30.444649219752694,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -16.32957293479028,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -6.3005950005945,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 38373520.55713373,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 453960869.0102373,
      "historical_peak_year": 2008,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -24.144054219158193,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -13.0682,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 4.3725,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 2.101071522788549,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -1.0360526966065686,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 23.289322699673598,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CZE",
      "supplier_count_latest": 68,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1356.97,
      "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.5750160780676542,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 75.14420776384985,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown']",
      "signal_flag": "Stable",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 732510,
    "num_markets": 133,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "ARG",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 1627000,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "BOL",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 285.6233168389074,
    "median_price_across_markets": 4739.18425533246,
    "price_spread_pct": 34324.775932752695,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 364.23485215605734,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 488327115
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 97723371.57110539,
      "active_destinations": 84,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 13.22804015946141
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 119519737.99538374,
      "active_destinations": 92,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 22.304149021730073
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 111745941.91679887,
      "active_destinations": 95,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -6.50419437740494
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 132049778.02042077,
      "active_destinations": 98,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 18.16964066465988
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 97189870.21986605,
      "active_destinations": 93,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -26.399065809231292
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 59886410.68130665,
      "active_destinations": 93,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -38.38204480998926
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 54810315.902385585,
      "active_destinations": 90,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -8.47620473688792
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 65680816.53218934,
      "active_destinations": 103,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 19.832946500734586
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 73213507.8558505,
      "active_destinations": 104,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 11.468632275558702
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 105061269.68779407,
      "active_destinations": 100,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 43.499844174449855
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 101752782.14494899,
      "active_destinations": 97,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -3.1491029498089746
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 125373825.19204262,
      "active_destinations": 98,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 23.214149578185445
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 133677241.47629523,
      "active_destinations": 102,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 6.622926493256285
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 103460978.43886223,
      "active_destinations": 103,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -22.603894801936946
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 78684465.82472242,
      "active_destinations": 100,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -23.947688285956907
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}