{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/732020",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/732020",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/732020",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "732020",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 159,
    "current_lane_count": 123,
    "active_market_count": 123,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 67537517.8944012,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 66890148.48730452,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 58813947.38497118,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 55189395.423859835,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 48414692.92053892,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 8.07939967025919,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 6.5664136428097875,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 5.057241744941532,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 35700397.89140504,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 131934964.90534163,
    "historical_peak_year": 2011,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 3.022157925317659,
    "trend_label": "Growing",
    "top_market_iso3": "MAR",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 10860107.70103272,
    "top_market_share_pct": 16.08011078821867,
    "destination_hhi": 813.9740543102666,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 15.996784810803042,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 1.353916155917536,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.0754668672663699,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 79.89699632378644,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 16.352201257861637,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 732020,
      "hs_description": "Iron or steel: helical springs and leaves for springs",
      "hs_chapter": 73,
      "hs_heading": 7320,
      "substitution_elasticity": -7.9405899,
      "price_range_label": "Medium price range",
      "trade_type_label": "Two-way vertical trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Iron or steel: helical springs and leaves for springs",
    "hs_chapter": 73,
    "hs_heading": 7320,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 732020,
        "corridor_rank": 61,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "MAR",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 10860107.70103272,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1479642.8632448157,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 7915538.148671539,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 6598330.262834607,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 4360578.32835489,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 29.350712389400503,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 15.554697500688475,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 67.72208980123312,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 10860107.70103272,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 16534871.856494244,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -38.371377411832626,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 29.322,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 32.7675,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 65.68002337899765,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 4.0918075952601,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 65.68002337899765,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
        "supplier_count_latest": 53,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 4606.73,
        "distance_km": 762.6525268554688,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.4768519003587878,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.4695611095118484,
        "volatility_cv": 1.8938333504244116,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 94.91639680715386,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 732020,
        "corridor_rank": 74,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "FRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 9498005.034479618,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 5974292.527072473,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 9146803.703310102,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 8305180.542448433,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 6974034.630294087,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 8.224177610108274,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 6.2139391967408475,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 8.6659576598207,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 11314868.061675115,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 106328610.82835753,
        "historical_peak_year": 2008,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -0.4417800497124258,
        "trend_label": "Growing",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -11.1005,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 4.3412,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 8.93268985693033,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.11690369489405228,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 43.111589542632416,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 84,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2127.05,
        "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.4210918837551477,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 63.43649810876143,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 732020,
      "num_markets": 135,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "ECU",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 3310714.2857142854,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "MRT",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 51.97401299350325,
      "median_price_across_markets": 12074.80653482373,
      "price_spread_pct": 27417.932553646682,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 92.28490858208957,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 234408709
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 39053814.33259194,
        "active_destinations": 105,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 23.026042113273427
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 79275029.81598747,
        "active_destinations": 106,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 102.98921160648152
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 47855277.77891162,
        "active_destinations": 104,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -39.63385710482495
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 44923287.407068774,
        "active_destinations": 103,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -6.126785817414868
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 40841550.09969728,
        "active_destinations": 115,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -9.086016502721987
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 33616484.25057072,
        "active_destinations": 114,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -17.690479013381296
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 35746850.243996635,
        "active_destinations": 115,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 6.337265900700919
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 38415123.37804459,
        "active_destinations": 113,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 7.464358722055708
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 51751599.35299783,
        "active_destinations": 113,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 34.71673341696318
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 48669894.860480346,
        "active_destinations": 110,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -5.954800491279834
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 46522520.03516297,
        "active_destinations": 110,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -4.412121356483616
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 52982614.92922267,
        "active_destinations": 119,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 13.885952199444462
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 45509010.09154394,
        "active_destinations": 121,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -14.105768180114206
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 64042683.57606508,
        "active_destinations": 121,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 40.72528373445084
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 66890148.48730451,
        "active_destinations": 123,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 4.446198616673247
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "732020",
    "hs_description": "Iron or steel: helical springs and leaves for springs",
    "hs_chapter": 73,
    "hs_heading": 7320
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 732020,
      "corridor_rank": 61,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "MAR",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 10860107.70103272,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1479642.8632448157,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 7915538.148671539,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 6598330.262834607,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 4360578.32835489,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 29.350712389400503,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 15.554697500688475,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 67.72208980123312,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 10860107.70103272,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 16534871.856494244,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -38.371377411832626,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 29.322,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 32.7675,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 65.68002337899765,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 4.0918075952601,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 65.68002337899765,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
      "supplier_count_latest": 53,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 4606.73,
      "distance_km": 762.6525268554688,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.4768519003587878,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.4695611095118484,
      "volatility_cv": 1.8938333504244116,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 94.91639680715386,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 732020,
      "corridor_rank": 74,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "FRA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 9498005.034479618,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 5974292.527072473,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 9146803.703310102,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 8305180.542448433,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 6974034.630294087,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 8.224177610108274,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 6.2139391967408475,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 8.6659576598207,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 11314868.061675115,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 106328610.82835753,
      "historical_peak_year": 2008,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -0.4417800497124258,
      "trend_label": "Growing",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -11.1005,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 4.3412,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 8.93268985693033,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.11690369489405228,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 43.111589542632416,
      "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
      "supplier_count_latest": 84,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 2127.05,
      "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.4210918837551477,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 63.43649810876143,
      "attention_level": "Stable",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 732020,
    "num_markets": 135,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "ECU",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 3310714.2857142854,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "MRT",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 51.97401299350325,
    "median_price_across_markets": 12074.80653482373,
    "price_spread_pct": 27417.932553646682,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 92.28490858208957,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 234408709
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 39053814.33259194,
      "active_destinations": 105,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 23.026042113273427
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 79275029.81598747,
      "active_destinations": 106,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 102.98921160648152
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 47855277.77891162,
      "active_destinations": 104,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -39.63385710482495
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 44923287.407068774,
      "active_destinations": 103,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -6.126785817414868
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 40841550.09969728,
      "active_destinations": 115,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -9.086016502721987
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 33616484.25057072,
      "active_destinations": 114,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -17.690479013381296
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 35746850.243996635,
      "active_destinations": 115,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 6.337265900700919
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 38415123.37804459,
      "active_destinations": 113,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 7.464358722055708
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 51751599.35299783,
      "active_destinations": 113,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 34.71673341696318
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 48669894.860480346,
      "active_destinations": 110,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -5.954800491279834
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 46522520.03516297,
      "active_destinations": 110,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -4.412121356483616
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 52982614.92922267,
      "active_destinations": 119,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 13.885952199444462
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 45509010.09154394,
      "active_destinations": 121,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -14.105768180114206
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 64042683.57606508,
      "active_destinations": 121,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 40.72528373445084
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 66890148.48730451,
      "active_destinations": 123,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 4.446198616673247
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}