{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/731829",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/731829",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/731829",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "731829",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 182,
    "current_lane_count": 145,
    "active_market_count": 145,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 76053745.49438344,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 75919596.02339152,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 69882945.31462274,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 64457820.17748149,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 61744092.91275625,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 8.197223887525817,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 4.98801852066193,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 3.3293542391263475,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 39017130.35251018,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 136109019.32652488,
    "historical_peak_year": 2024,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 4.86786964839947,
    "trend_label": "Growing",
    "top_market_iso3": "PRT",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 11101821.975725684,
    "top_market_share_pct": 14.597337584834072,
    "destination_hhi": 685.7787206692938,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 10.603677041607035,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 0.4917766738618552,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.9782470124113926,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 69.71217447750001,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 14.285714285714286,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 731829,
      "hs_description": "Iron or steel: non-threaded articles, n.e.c. in item no. 7318.2",
      "hs_chapter": 73,
      "hs_heading": 7318,
      "substitution_elasticity": -4.4519095,
      "price_range_label": "Medium price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Iron or steel: non-threaded articles, n.e.c. in item no. 7318.2",
    "hs_chapter": 73,
    "hs_heading": 7318,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 731829,
        "corridor_rank": 73,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "PRT",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 11101821.975725684,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 3728783.2805205383,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 9741355.946915997,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 8502167.905696236,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 7380471.106453004,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 18.130154253181697,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 5.098900808141971,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 16.155382454724187,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 11461414.835767418,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 28876682.058169927,
        "historical_peak_year": 2023,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 1.9747717984575104,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -2.1862,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 9.3043,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 38.44562873726936,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.3775417443508715,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 38.44562873726937,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
        "supplier_count_latest": 51,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2382.13,
        "distance_km": 500.9222717285156,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.8034519359898106,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 41.20546168543809,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 731829,
        "corridor_rank": 85,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "FRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 10063811.871892564,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 7195408.329286557,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 9253089.081115063,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 9506750.406995086,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 9662317.701536655,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -3.3075963033667555,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 5.366503821834234,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -0.3915437219939033,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 12994931.192661744,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 153986421.92447385,
        "historical_peak_year": 2015,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -2.916052581372852,
        "trend_label": "Declining",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 0.2548,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 5.1502,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 75.8621,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 6.535519006233281,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.35628841590048665,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 25.277130986562334,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 94,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1119.71,
        "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.37424445447386373,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 62.02868665311729,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Stable",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 731829,
      "num_markets": 164,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "IRQ",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 12984500,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "GMB",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 28,
      "median_price_across_markets": 11772.840877534018,
      "price_spread_pct": 110291.74805868756,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 86.69205812220568,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 318732681
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 34494210.79695979,
        "active_destinations": 119,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 27.391959635125595
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 38498116.36362618,
        "active_destinations": 128,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 11.607471149968408
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 36408846.40842004,
        "active_destinations": 131,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -5.426940724767839
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 50071965.6376874,
        "active_destinations": 135,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 37.526921550877745
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 54716301.748343565,
        "active_destinations": 132,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 9.275322131872803
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 53439796.46412268,
        "active_destinations": 136,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -2.332952417164279
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 56744537.64134139,
        "active_destinations": 144,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 6.184045217008592
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 60212698.69502419,
        "active_destinations": 143,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 6.111885298288281
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 65235854.82537009,
        "active_destinations": 147,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 8.342353422469992
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 59518940.61429663,
        "active_destinations": 147,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -8.763454125614006
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 52701811.21219948,
        "active_destinations": 144,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -11.453714282776826
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 59938453.73133974,
        "active_destinations": 152,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 13.731297563953762
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 58366475.49133779,
        "active_destinations": 145,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -2.6226539761068506
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 75362764.42913893,
        "active_destinations": 148,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 29.119950784630756
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 75919596.02339154,
        "active_destinations": 145,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 0.7388683237279415
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "731829",
    "hs_description": "Iron or steel: non-threaded articles, n.e.c. in item no. 7318.2",
    "hs_chapter": 73,
    "hs_heading": 7318
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 731829,
      "corridor_rank": 73,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "PRT",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 11101821.975725684,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 3728783.2805205383,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 9741355.946915997,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 8502167.905696236,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 7380471.106453004,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 18.130154253181697,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 5.098900808141971,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 16.155382454724187,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 11461414.835767418,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 28876682.058169927,
      "historical_peak_year": 2023,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 1.9747717984575104,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -2.1862,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 9.3043,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 38.44562873726936,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.3775417443508715,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 38.44562873726937,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
      "supplier_count_latest": 51,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 2382.13,
      "distance_km": 500.9222717285156,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.8034519359898106,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 41.20546168543809,
      "attention_level": "Stable",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 731829,
      "corridor_rank": 85,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "FRA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 10063811.871892564,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 7195408.329286557,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 9253089.081115063,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 9506750.406995086,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 9662317.701536655,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -3.3075963033667555,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 5.366503821834234,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -0.3915437219939033,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 12994931.192661744,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 153986421.92447385,
      "historical_peak_year": 2015,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -2.916052581372852,
      "trend_label": "Declining",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 0.2548,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 5.1502,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 75.8621,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 6.535519006233281,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.35628841590048665,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 25.277130986562334,
      "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
      "supplier_count_latest": 94,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1119.71,
      "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.37424445447386373,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 62.02868665311729,
      "attention_level": "Stable",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
      "signal_flag": "Stable",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 731829,
    "num_markets": 164,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "IRQ",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 12984500,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "GMB",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 28,
    "median_price_across_markets": 11772.840877534018,
    "price_spread_pct": 110291.74805868756,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 86.69205812220568,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 318732681
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 34494210.79695979,
      "active_destinations": 119,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 27.391959635125595
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 38498116.36362618,
      "active_destinations": 128,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 11.607471149968408
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 36408846.40842004,
      "active_destinations": 131,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -5.426940724767839
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 50071965.6376874,
      "active_destinations": 135,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 37.526921550877745
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 54716301.748343565,
      "active_destinations": 132,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 9.275322131872803
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 53439796.46412268,
      "active_destinations": 136,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -2.332952417164279
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 56744537.64134139,
      "active_destinations": 144,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 6.184045217008592
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 60212698.69502419,
      "active_destinations": 143,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 6.111885298288281
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 65235854.82537009,
      "active_destinations": 147,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 8.342353422469992
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 59518940.61429663,
      "active_destinations": 147,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -8.763454125614006
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 52701811.21219948,
      "active_destinations": 144,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -11.453714282776826
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 59938453.73133974,
      "active_destinations": 152,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 13.731297563953762
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 58366475.49133779,
      "active_destinations": 145,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -2.6226539761068506
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 75362764.42913893,
      "active_destinations": 148,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 29.119950784630756
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 75919596.02339154,
      "active_destinations": 145,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 0.7388683237279415
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}