{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/731814",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/731814",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/731814",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "731814",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 177,
    "current_lane_count": 132,
    "active_market_count": 132,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 53302342.37181262,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 52878897.212526076,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 52061835.06710204,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 49028049.77736372,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 46964195.78935378,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 3.112853710911878,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 1.4653153945987762,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 1.164113893783858,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 33217272.187650025,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 79726650.35471967,
    "historical_peak_year": 2023,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 1.9487398171280201,
    "trend_label": "Growing",
    "top_market_iso3": "DEU",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 12991969.664003573,
    "top_market_share_pct": 24.374106438658117,
    "destination_hhi": 1245.9412890364729,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 8.495992843239852,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 0.06778313005968463,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.6682125603201586,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 58.325911339424295,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 19.774011299435028,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 731814,
      "hs_description": "Iron or steel: threaded self-tapping screws",
      "hs_chapter": 73,
      "hs_heading": 7318,
      "substitution_elasticity": -7.4686413,
      "price_range_label": "Unclassified",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Iron or steel: threaded self-tapping screws",
    "hs_chapter": 73,
    "hs_heading": 7318,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 731814,
        "corridor_rank": 67,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "DEU",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 12991969.664003573,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 8080031.325531587,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 12149765.08463079,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 11666093.285921741,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 11285352.724640764,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 4.10959537486848,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 0.9609785584116404,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 0.40890011894116896,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 12991969.664003573,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 401553689.30675113,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 3.700695255927311,
        "trend_label": "Growing",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -9.1708,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 5.7578,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 3.2354253017655292,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.3646920000690934,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 17.96180461677871,
        "peer_top_exporter": "TWN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 74,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 972.74,
        "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.41856023517085705,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 32.82110243144037,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 731814,
        "corridor_rank": 81,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "FRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 10190387.41549499,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 7558104.568075271,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 9775852.869300015,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 9577728.922277207,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 9761691.069607506,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.2647320291843114,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -2.1258326862273136,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -0.07519536860288722,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 12422733.831638578,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 151776801.84909925,
        "historical_peak_year": 2011,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 0.3399273977871986,
        "trend_label": "Stable",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -5.9454,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 5.1068,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 6.714061234223764,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.2806329144596189,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 35.10339204796619,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 75,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1832.79,
        "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.43019462421559684,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 35.570273719578516,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 731814,
      "num_markets": 159,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "GIN",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 854000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "STP",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 11.727912431587178,
      "median_price_across_markets": 7249.212460623031,
      "price_spread_pct": 11780.428242741455,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 63.76514125200644,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 245352406
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 30922136.832039926,
        "active_destinations": 98,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 7.900971128531194
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 41104083.352976225,
        "active_destinations": 103,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 32.92769376269719
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 35001669.316268876,
        "active_destinations": 108,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -14.846247717784204
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 38981038.01995134,
        "active_destinations": 116,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 11.36908262210467
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 47099638.17559806,
        "active_destinations": 117,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 20.827049683724283
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 40494054.01749553,
        "active_destinations": 130,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -14.024702553924998
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 40191523.575327314,
        "active_destinations": 127,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -0.7470984308893958
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 43012367.70884011,
        "active_destinations": 126,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 7.018505104007673
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 51634427.97967823,
        "active_destinations": 128,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 20.045537435192323
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 49169335.72537804,
        "active_destinations": 124,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -4.774125231464517
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 40721777.540053874,
        "active_destinations": 133,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -17.180541613386243
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 48232966.14545855,
        "active_destinations": 133,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 18.445139331201055
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 49393291.144211486,
        "active_destinations": 130,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 2.4056679310446865
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 53913316.84456852,
        "active_destinations": 138,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 9.15109237641223
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 52878897.2125261,
        "active_destinations": 132,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -1.9186718469291046
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "731814",
    "hs_description": "Iron or steel: threaded self-tapping screws",
    "hs_chapter": 73,
    "hs_heading": 7318
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 731814,
      "corridor_rank": 67,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 12991969.664003573,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 8080031.325531587,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 12149765.08463079,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 11666093.285921741,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 11285352.724640764,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 4.10959537486848,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 0.9609785584116404,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 0.40890011894116896,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 12991969.664003573,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 401553689.30675113,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 3.700695255927311,
      "trend_label": "Growing",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -9.1708,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 5.7578,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 3.2354253017655292,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.3646920000690934,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 17.96180461677871,
      "peer_top_exporter": "TWN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 74,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 972.74,
      "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.41856023517085705,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 32.82110243144037,
      "attention_level": "Stable",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 731814,
      "corridor_rank": 81,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "FRA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 10190387.41549499,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 7558104.568075271,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 9775852.869300015,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 9577728.922277207,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 9761691.069607506,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.2647320291843114,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -2.1258326862273136,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -0.07519536860288722,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 12422733.831638578,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 151776801.84909925,
      "historical_peak_year": 2011,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 0.3399273977871986,
      "trend_label": "Stable",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -5.9454,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 5.1068,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 6.714061234223764,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.2806329144596189,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 35.10339204796619,
      "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
      "supplier_count_latest": 75,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1832.79,
      "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.43019462421559684,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 35.570273719578516,
      "attention_level": "Stable",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 731814,
    "num_markets": 159,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "GIN",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 854000,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "STP",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 11.727912431587178,
    "median_price_across_markets": 7249.212460623031,
    "price_spread_pct": 11780.428242741455,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 63.76514125200644,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 245352406
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 30922136.832039926,
      "active_destinations": 98,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 7.900971128531194
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 41104083.352976225,
      "active_destinations": 103,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 32.92769376269719
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 35001669.316268876,
      "active_destinations": 108,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -14.846247717784204
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 38981038.01995134,
      "active_destinations": 116,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 11.36908262210467
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 47099638.17559806,
      "active_destinations": 117,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 20.827049683724283
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 40494054.01749553,
      "active_destinations": 130,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -14.024702553924998
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 40191523.575327314,
      "active_destinations": 127,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -0.7470984308893958
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 43012367.70884011,
      "active_destinations": 126,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 7.018505104007673
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 51634427.97967823,
      "active_destinations": 128,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 20.045537435192323
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 49169335.72537804,
      "active_destinations": 124,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -4.774125231464517
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 40721777.540053874,
      "active_destinations": 133,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -17.180541613386243
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 48232966.14545855,
      "active_destinations": 133,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 18.445139331201055
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 49393291.144211486,
      "active_destinations": 130,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 2.4056679310446865
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 53913316.84456852,
      "active_destinations": 138,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 9.15109237641223
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 52878897.2125261,
      "active_destinations": 132,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -1.9186718469291046
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}