{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/731811",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/731811",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/731811",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "731811",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 160,
    "current_lane_count": 97,
    "active_market_count": 97,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 2867150.7802188825,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 2653383.3555415063,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 2371040.3797669574,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 2150996.7938289177,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1934886.618523129,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 7.290930775324034,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 13.171159015831723,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 4.433250262776722,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 1626479.4665639144,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 9243114.505543834,
    "historical_peak_year": 2024,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 2.8576805125473115,
    "trend_label": "Growing",
    "top_market_iso3": "FRA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 795887.2489645082,
    "top_market_share_pct": 27.758820863399063,
    "destination_hhi": 1148.454875700607,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 6.380792454021382,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 2.8741551158214342,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.3433271251604149,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 95.80000423381702,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 27.5,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 731811,
      "hs_description": "Iron or steel: threaded coach screws",
      "hs_chapter": 73,
      "hs_heading": 7318,
      "substitution_elasticity": -5.9027581,
      "price_range_label": "Medium price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Iron or steel: threaded coach screws",
    "hs_chapter": 73,
    "hs_heading": 7318,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 731811,
        "corridor_rank": 33,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "FRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 795887.2489645082,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 161525.84019923882,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 422196.8417184162,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 376820.4939338313,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 292235.9148074073,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 27.61816374901398,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 18.633161861917813,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 22.84794607914826,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 795887.2489645082,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 12649740.338362386,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 4.770217669865719,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -20.7151,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 7.9494,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 6.291727953899979,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 4.913156148846222,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 30.263828311668465,
        "peer_top_exporter": "BEL",
        "supplier_count_latest": 54,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1513.27,
        "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.9852837617780075,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 97.512090411913,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 731811,
        "corridor_rank": 44,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "DEU",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 29,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 317125.14725652384,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 33862.0555188057,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 142332.46597475483,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 93814.09100179223,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 53869.95806558285,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 141.79654263210816,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 474.9751479950482,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 29.513028786603535,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 317125.14725652384,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 26429789.181749176,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 50,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 112.28351384550461,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 11.4555,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 7.7958,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 1.1998777026776717,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.9441688579787529,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 35.36596932693993,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CZE",
        "supplier_count_latest": 52,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2052.45,
        "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.6829916074924565,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.91958894230262,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 731811,
        "corridor_rank": 48,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "MEX",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 29,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 283116.5329696654,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 68857.45314098011,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 330831.6338845601,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 269536.672068067,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 148372.45746516157,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -0.33650851741298116,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 51.90653462752077,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 38.132725838294036,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 585234.6912826101,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 11280329.988130942,
        "historical_peak_year": 2023,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 53.57142857142857,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -38.469234355707016,
        "trend_label": "Stable",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -23.156,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 18.8256,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 2.509824918841541,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -1.4769198611680996,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 69.91294618469247,
        "peer_top_exporter": "USA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 55,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 5162.02,
        "distance_km": 9073.951171875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.10968114655848483,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.13100950524598787,
        "volatility_cv": 1.7960811063689983,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 96.99591743094685,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 731811,
        "corridor_rank": 58,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "ITA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 194728.24650546024,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 59230.158400982975,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 144094.7359943978,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 101615.38515894613,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 60501.730539743265,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 43.41780228636938,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 54.73895564697187,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 50.58629363024221,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 289118.3940544265,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 27409640.841594175,
        "historical_peak_year": 2011,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -7.16849134387283,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 23.0688,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 21.7772,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 72.4138,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.7104370598317357,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.18315427695432274,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 50.85639018367478,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 45,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3500.61,
        "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.3565637677032063,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.64315931371799,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 731811,
      "num_markets": 130,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "CPV",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 999000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "JAM",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 11.764705882352942,
      "median_price_across_markets": 6610.802413813707,
      "price_spread_pct": 15111.45202595476,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 4.8329546436285105,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 9809857
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 890715.1880490314,
        "active_destinations": 64,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 16.572780559660707
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 2063022.7539656973,
        "active_destinations": 75,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 131.6141884236214
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 1320782.9409400322,
        "active_destinations": 83,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -35.978265949751446
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 1388546.332038297,
        "active_destinations": 101,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 5.130547117002892
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 1719539.0917381966,
        "active_destinations": 98,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 23.837357966588215
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 1556851.5790076246,
        "active_destinations": 96,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -9.461111614864143
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 1648888.5477825636,
        "active_destinations": 90,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 5.911736867916823
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 2164940.985269323,
        "active_destinations": 101,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 31.296987184534103
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 1793908.3818149182,
        "active_destinations": 107,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -17.138231756846135
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 1429292.7222122739,
        "active_destinations": 98,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -20.325210768777303
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 1493483.5172961792,
        "active_destinations": 99,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 4.491088080582274
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 2148379.312547538,
        "active_destinations": 98,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 43.850219146508564
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 1869970.5793143162,
        "active_destinations": 96,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -12.9590120146468
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 2589767.204445049,
        "active_destinations": 99,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 38.492403735820766
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 2653383.355541507,
        "active_destinations": 97,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 2.456442841166091
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "731811",
    "hs_description": "Iron or steel: threaded coach screws",
    "hs_chapter": 73,
    "hs_heading": 7318
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 731811,
      "corridor_rank": 33,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "FRA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 795887.2489645082,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 161525.84019923882,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 422196.8417184162,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 376820.4939338313,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 292235.9148074073,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 27.61816374901398,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 18.633161861917813,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 22.84794607914826,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 795887.2489645082,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 12649740.338362386,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 4.770217669865719,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -20.7151,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 7.9494,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 6.291727953899979,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 4.913156148846222,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 30.263828311668465,
      "peer_top_exporter": "BEL",
      "supplier_count_latest": 54,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1513.27,
      "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.9852837617780075,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 97.512090411913,
      "attention_level": "Stable",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 731811,
      "corridor_rank": 44,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 29,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 317125.14725652384,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 33862.0555188057,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 142332.46597475483,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 93814.09100179223,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 53869.95806558285,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 141.79654263210816,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 474.9751479950482,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 29.513028786603535,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 317125.14725652384,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 26429789.181749176,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 50,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 112.28351384550461,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 11.4555,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 7.7958,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 1.1998777026776717,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.9441688579787529,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 35.36596932693993,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CZE",
      "supplier_count_latest": 52,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 2052.45,
      "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 1.6829916074924565,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.91958894230262,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 731811,
      "corridor_rank": 48,
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