{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/731512",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/731512",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/731512",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "731512",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 160,
    "current_lane_count": 98,
    "active_market_count": 98,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 8307225.647920968,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 7361691.282685342,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 7146443.679341622,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 7681290.098264551,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 6852867.243424004,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 8.063405064128126,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 9.477023185834543,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 5.41466081592763,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 5591718.388521017,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 37014860.309976056,
    "historical_peak_year": 2020,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 2.6487442482004964,
    "trend_label": "Growing",
    "top_market_iso3": "PRT",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 1409401.1862880837,
    "top_market_share_pct": 16.965967291869717,
    "destination_hhi": 693.2437655605314,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 10.30303815655671,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 4.3509296645316,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.1400655878127262,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 81.44986592337695,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 21.25,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 731512,
      "hs_description": "Chain: articulated link, (other than roller), of iron or steel",
      "hs_chapter": 73,
      "hs_heading": 7315,
      "substitution_elasticity": -6.2193875,
      "price_range_label": "High price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Chain: articulated link, (other than roller), of iron or steel",
    "hs_chapter": 73,
    "hs_heading": 7315,
    "destinations": [],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 731512,
      "num_markets": 129,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "ECU",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 3653217.3913043477,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "GBR",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 192.36300081856595,
      "median_price_across_markets": 10268.292682926829,
      "price_spread_pct": 35575.77818537879,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 13.11045493562232,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 31483988
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 5099992.720143358,
        "active_destinations": 83,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 6.672846568064567
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 4182934.3170051295,
        "active_destinations": 82,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -17.981562983730115
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 4655923.7225170825,
        "active_destinations": 88,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 11.30759819940469
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 3998312.3547420274,
        "active_destinations": 92,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -14.12418688464977
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 4344776.532637839,
        "active_destinations": 91,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 8.665260418809021
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 6879535.597002623,
        "active_destinations": 90,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 58.34037827547043
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 3660090.1935224375,
        "active_destinations": 93,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -46.79742343193748
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 5878680.299972504,
        "active_destinations": 93,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 60.61572226762303
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 9022656.512158941,
        "active_destinations": 93,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 53.48098640780214
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 4681259.340260781,
        "active_destinations": 101,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -48.11661804976936
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 11133452.154794019,
        "active_destinations": 97,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 137.830279109762
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 5833667.298503873,
        "active_destinations": 94,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -47.602349950442644
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 6390691.909414139,
        "active_destinations": 103,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 9.548446670126742
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 7686947.845925385,
        "active_destinations": 95,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 20.283499109098496
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 7361691.282685342,
        "active_destinations": 98,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -4.231283596030268
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "731512",
    "hs_description": "Chain: articulated link, (other than roller), of iron or steel",
    "hs_chapter": 73,
    "hs_heading": 7315
  },
  "destinations": [],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 731512,
    "num_markets": 129,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "ECU",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 3653217.3913043477,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "GBR",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 192.36300081856595,
    "median_price_across_markets": 10268.292682926829,
    "price_spread_pct": 35575.77818537879,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 13.11045493562232,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 31483988
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 5099992.720143358,
      "active_destinations": 83,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 6.672846568064567
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 4182934.3170051295,
      "active_destinations": 82,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -17.981562983730115
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 4655923.7225170825,
      "active_destinations": 88,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 11.30759819940469
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 3998312.3547420274,
      "active_destinations": 92,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -14.12418688464977
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 4344776.532637839,
      "active_destinations": 91,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 8.665260418809021
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 6879535.597002623,
      "active_destinations": 90,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 58.34037827547043
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 3660090.1935224375,
      "active_destinations": 93,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -46.79742343193748
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 5878680.299972504,
      "active_destinations": 93,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 60.61572226762303
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 9022656.512158941,
      "active_destinations": 93,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 53.48098640780214
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 4681259.340260781,
      "active_destinations": 101,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -48.11661804976936
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 11133452.154794019,
      "active_destinations": 97,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 137.830279109762
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 5833667.298503873,
      "active_destinations": 94,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -47.602349950442644
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 6390691.909414139,
      "active_destinations": 103,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 9.548446670126742
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 7686947.845925385,
      "active_destinations": 95,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 20.283499109098496
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 7361691.282685342,
      "active_destinations": 98,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -4.231283596030268
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}