{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/731511",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/731511",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/731511",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "731511",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 148,
    "current_lane_count": 105,
    "active_market_count": 105,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 14746348.10124786,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 12841759.994469855,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 11704411.928299226,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 10643621.323314741,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 8777741.134014845,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 8.568696042194968,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 13.492538210877282,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 8.403855409117146,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 7039746.7507389095,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 28151928.179793335,
    "historical_peak_year": 2024,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 0.16484063307782293,
    "trend_label": "Growing",
    "top_market_iso3": "FRA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 2456733.087211454,
    "top_market_share_pct": 16.65994231482682,
    "destination_hhi": 826.0546802910872,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 8.300780416925745,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 3.192069044147006,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.0058875192592769,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 75.23294753181287,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 20.945945945945947,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 731511,
      "hs_description": "Chain: articulated link, roller, of iron or steel",
      "hs_chapter": 73,
      "hs_heading": 7315,
      "substitution_elasticity": -8.6555777,
      "price_range_label": "High price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Chain: articulated link, roller, of iron or steel",
    "hs_chapter": 73,
    "hs_heading": 7315,
    "destinations": [],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 731511,
      "num_markets": 126,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "LUX",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 3822000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "JAM",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 106.41509433962264,
      "median_price_across_markets": 16174.832962138084,
      "price_spread_pct": 23628.643299451174,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 8.879081761006285,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 39643373
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 5949872.851062973,
        "active_destinations": 78,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -29.552094888938825
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 5345536.980204672,
        "active_destinations": 84,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -10.157122445907966
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 5129605.883356586,
        "active_destinations": 86,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -4.039465027511939
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 6843052.862123668,
        "active_destinations": 80,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 33.40309212305173
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 5730298.7726513855,
        "active_destinations": 93,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -16.261076918335412
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 5340822.595265083,
        "active_destinations": 98,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -6.796786569753212
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 5429462.275485378,
        "active_destinations": 92,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1.659663443958585
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 6748909.572284734,
        "active_destinations": 91,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 24.301620120961267
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 10220053.281813605,
        "active_destinations": 99,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 51.4326599334442
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 6820056.998725965,
        "active_destinations": 100,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -33.267891950601374
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 8070025.488128111,
        "active_destinations": 99,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 18.32783053918243
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 10034845.343547914,
        "active_destinations": 102,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 24.34713320683148
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 11106750.8262445,
        "active_destinations": 103,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 10.681833610776936
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 11164724.964183312,
        "active_destinations": 109,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 0.521972076674516
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 12841759.994469859,
        "active_destinations": 105,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 15.02083603193552
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "731511",
    "hs_description": "Chain: articulated link, roller, of iron or steel",
    "hs_chapter": 73,
    "hs_heading": 7315
  },
  "destinations": [],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 731511,
    "num_markets": 126,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "LUX",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 3822000,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "JAM",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 106.41509433962264,
    "median_price_across_markets": 16174.832962138084,
    "price_spread_pct": 23628.643299451174,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 8.879081761006285,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 39643373
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 5949872.851062973,
      "active_destinations": 78,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -29.552094888938825
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 5345536.980204672,
      "active_destinations": 84,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -10.157122445907966
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 5129605.883356586,
      "active_destinations": 86,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -4.039465027511939
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 6843052.862123668,
      "active_destinations": 80,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 33.40309212305173
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 5730298.7726513855,
      "active_destinations": 93,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -16.261076918335412
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 5340822.595265083,
      "active_destinations": 98,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -6.796786569753212
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 5429462.275485378,
      "active_destinations": 92,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1.659663443958585
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 6748909.572284734,
      "active_destinations": 91,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 24.301620120961267
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 10220053.281813605,
      "active_destinations": 99,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 51.4326599334442
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 6820056.998725965,
      "active_destinations": 100,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -33.267891950601374
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 8070025.488128111,
      "active_destinations": 99,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 18.32783053918243
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 10034845.343547914,
      "active_destinations": 102,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 24.34713320683148
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 11106750.8262445,
      "active_destinations": 103,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 10.681833610776936
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 11164724.964183312,
      "active_destinations": 109,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 0.521972076674516
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 12841759.994469859,
      "active_destinations": 105,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 15.02083603193552
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}