{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/731449",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/731449",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/731449",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "731449",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 155,
    "current_lane_count": 87,
    "active_market_count": 87,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 8189622.139717923,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 7284596.870840342,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 10382548.316770485,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 11454793.236776277,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 9509306.585080234,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -20.76146733015838,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -10.750819267495249,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 1.648139918491709,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 6685586.2593740765,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 33258380.455341235,
    "historical_peak_year": 2022,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -22.409607248650087,
    "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
    "top_market_iso3": "FRA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 2646765.4071744806,
    "top_market_share_pct": 32.31852901171389,
    "destination_hhi": 1497.8022103742999,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 9.618840084796268,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 1.1227644813944897,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.3723609019476621,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 92.41241955939928,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 23.870967741935484,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 731449,
      "hs_description": "Iron or steel wire: grill, netting and fencing, coated with materials other than zinc or plastic",
      "hs_chapter": 73,
      "hs_heading": 7314,
      "substitution_elasticity": -2.3792932,
      "price_range_label": "Medium price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Iron or steel wire: grill, netting and fencing, coated with materials other than zinc or plastic",
    "hs_chapter": 73,
    "hs_heading": 7314,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 731449,
        "corridor_rank": 31,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "FRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 2646765.4071744806,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 2266192.8754957234,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 5553031.862459545,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 6527100.132516267,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 4981797.243837401,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -34.24091430809087,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -19.8165774366711,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 4.802092083621012,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 9481716.534121731,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 60254292.11589756,
        "historical_peak_year": 2022,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -39.043006391711884,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -3.993,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 13.6904,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 4.392658704019784,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -2.8262536766614135,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 70.5957330943278,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 49,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 5102.07,
        "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.242734810503893,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 96.54885488477017,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 731449,
        "corridor_rank": 52,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "ITA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1381539.9659515684,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 175989.05041202577,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 690023.0525926928,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 620247.6646083689,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 370771.5493748831,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 39.257961141596276,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 99.10366479367352,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 47.420269158741554,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1381539.9659515684,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 24959767.855937913,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -8.162308017145278,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -3.6918,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 8.541,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 5.53506736891746,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 3.98035912687781,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 55.09789097691981,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ALB",
        "supplier_count_latest": 42,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3414.92,
        "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.485689663470173,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 94.23843063432635,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 731449,
      "num_markets": 116,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "IDN",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 556000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "LBR",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 88.07985907222547,
      "median_price_across_markets": 4817.955957086391,
      "price_spread_pct": 11538.335449565002,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 86.69361983471076,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 58811369
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 6439168.697616804,
        "active_destinations": 68,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 79.56139472903348
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 8465664.877010982,
        "active_destinations": 76,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 31.471394438605145
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 7630994.021921881,
        "active_destinations": 85,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -9.85948377611427
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 5587298.657579081,
        "active_destinations": 83,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -26.78150917785794
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 6186017.794805285,
        "active_destinations": 87,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 10.71571744986373
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 5185102.582229101,
        "active_destinations": 79,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -16.180283435600575
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 5640997.802494673,
        "active_destinations": 97,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 8.792405030289302
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 6497933.492233977,
        "active_destinations": 90,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 15.19120765053893
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 7630819.918084608,
        "active_destinations": 80,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 17.434564807482317
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 12864245.87187859,
        "active_destinations": 81,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 68.58274746323211
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 11484461.2743821,
        "active_destinations": 73,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -10.725732477740635
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 14641859.959187845,
        "active_destinations": 74,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 27.492788815865666
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 15140389.485396085,
        "active_destinations": 78,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 3.4048237559833416
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 8722658.594075022,
        "active_destinations": 70,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -42.38814924484864
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 7284596.87084034,
        "active_destinations": 87,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -16.486507040542712
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "731449",
    "hs_description": "Iron or steel wire: grill, netting and fencing, coated with materials other than zinc or plastic",
    "hs_chapter": 73,
    "hs_heading": 7314
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 731449,
      "corridor_rank": 31,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "FRA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 2646765.4071744806,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 2266192.8754957234,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 5553031.862459545,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 6527100.132516267,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 4981797.243837401,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -34.24091430809087,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -19.8165774366711,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 4.802092083621012,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 9481716.534121731,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 60254292.11589756,
      "historical_peak_year": 2022,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -39.043006391711884,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -3.993,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 13.6904,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 4.392658704019784,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -2.8262536766614135,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 70.5957330943278,
      "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
      "supplier_count_latest": 49,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 5102.07,
      "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 1.242734810503893,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 96.54885488477017,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 731449,
      "corridor_rank": 52,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "ITA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1381539.9659515684,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 175989.05041202577,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 690023.0525926928,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 620247.6646083689,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 370771.5493748831,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 39.257961141596276,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 99.10366479367352,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 47.420269158741554,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1381539.9659515684,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 24959767.855937913,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -8.162308017145278,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -3.6918,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 8.541,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 5.53506736891746,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 3.98035912687781,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 55.09789097691981,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ALB",
      "supplier_count_latest": 42,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 3414.92,
      "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 1.485689663470173,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 94.23843063432635,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 731449,
    "num_markets": 116,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "IDN",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 556000,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "LBR",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 88.07985907222547,
    "median_price_across_markets": 4817.955957086391,
    "price_spread_pct": 11538.335449565002,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 86.69361983471076,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 58811369
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 6439168.697616804,
      "active_destinations": 68,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 79.56139472903348
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 8465664.877010982,
      "active_destinations": 76,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 31.471394438605145
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 7630994.021921881,
      "active_destinations": 85,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -9.85948377611427
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 5587298.657579081,
      "active_destinations": 83,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -26.78150917785794
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 6186017.794805285,
      "active_destinations": 87,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 10.71571744986373
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 5185102.582229101,
      "active_destinations": 79,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -16.180283435600575
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 5640997.802494673,
      "active_destinations": 97,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 8.792405030289302
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 6497933.492233977,
      "active_destinations": 90,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 15.19120765053893
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 7630819.918084608,
      "active_destinations": 80,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 17.434564807482317
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 12864245.87187859,
      "active_destinations": 81,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 68.58274746323211
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 11484461.2743821,
      "active_destinations": 73,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -10.725732477740635
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 14641859.959187845,
      "active_destinations": 74,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 27.492788815865666
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 15140389.485396085,
      "active_destinations": 78,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 3.4048237559833416
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 8722658.594075022,
      "active_destinations": 70,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -42.38814924484864
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 7284596.87084034,
      "active_destinations": 87,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -16.486507040542712
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}