{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/730640",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/730640",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/730640",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "730640",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 154,
    "current_lane_count": 91,
    "active_market_count": 91,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 72151933.6446254,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 69902605.86078252,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 69845520.18550317,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 62746315.38631767,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 57941993.741810046,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 7.279178380779361,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 6.454794130647512,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 2.47732086020942,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 43219684.81932882,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 175398738.28066048,
    "historical_peak_year": 2022,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 4.801857520569941,
    "trend_label": "Growing",
    "top_market_iso3": "PRT",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 12767876.05644569,
    "top_market_share_pct": 17.69581965652111,
    "destination_hhi": 836.006054569938,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 9.424831070291242,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 1.3354446627301697,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.9996593007138358,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 89.32070452724382,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 22.07792207792208,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 730640,
      "hs_description": "Steel, stainless: tubes and pipes, welded, of circular cross-section",
      "hs_chapter": 73,
      "hs_heading": 7306,
      "substitution_elasticity": -3.5130544,
      "price_range_label": "Medium price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Steel, stainless: tubes and pipes, welded, of circular cross-section",
    "hs_chapter": 73,
    "hs_heading": 7306,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 730640,
        "corridor_rank": 76,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "PRT",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 12767876.05644569,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 9451511.370639078,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 11217278.352355437,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 10648908.296480205,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 10633610.219023485,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 5.271815515802825,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 7.397129483878784,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -0.6959640181247839,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 23930973.52761516,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 45957739.49278044,
        "historical_peak_year": 2008,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 5.967779533927608,
        "trend_label": "Growing",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -8.2109,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 7.1904,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 27.781775599410004,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 6.266232444260247,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 52.600780320206006,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ITA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 31,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3594.28,
        "distance_km": 500.9222717285156,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.532878938894041,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 68.60121507694365,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 730640,
        "corridor_rank": 92,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "GBR",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 10502224.295475261,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 3259642.990285874,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 14187555.786416275,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 10446401.409456039,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 7323663.2952828435,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 15.115383151192251,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 25.452385319796058,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 8.05932918741723,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 16511380.93814416,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 130268259.6115238,
        "historical_peak_year": 2023,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 7.056053963775021,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -25.84,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 5.2458,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 8.061997854883609,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -1.3377170437568697,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 30.14755914612791,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ITA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 49,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1471.18,
        "distance_km": 1263.3787841796875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.2744066018430993,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 97.99778079167186,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 730640,
      "num_markets": 125,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "FIN",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 449790.69767441857,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "GMB",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 84.81481481481481,
      "median_price_across_markets": 6761.333604391137,
      "price_spread_pct": 6651.141759482819,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 139.70188248337024,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 305106048
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 49985137.62368788,
        "active_destinations": 86,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 15.939633612707604
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 43397279.80012674,
        "active_destinations": 96,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -13.179633260505746
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 40155224.7188256,
        "active_destinations": 91,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -7.470641238881681
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 47930525.37439131,
        "active_destinations": 81,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 19.36311080316402
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 54728776.313527234,
        "active_destinations": 88,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 14.183551893149382
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 68814607.13279268,
        "active_destinations": 86,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 25.73752195475979
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 42142006.803218424,
        "active_destinations": 82,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -38.76008516346493
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 46913503.2836731,
        "active_destinations": 91,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 11.322423497141745
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 56689249.73407488,
        "active_destinations": 83,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 20.837809513586148
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 51128993.532752976,
        "active_destinations": 95,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -9.808307972683819
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 47577990.78552537,
        "active_destinations": 88,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -6.945184135011097
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 56617025.58955349,
        "active_destinations": 91,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 18.998353345299453
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 70034944.7327258,
        "active_destinations": 91,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 23.699442002562694
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 69599009.96300122,
        "active_destinations": 99,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -0.6224532215856449
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 69902605.86078249,
        "active_destinations": 91,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 0.43620720746266234
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "730640",
    "hs_description": "Steel, stainless: tubes and pipes, welded, of circular cross-section",
    "hs_chapter": 73,
    "hs_heading": 7306
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 730640,
      "corridor_rank": 76,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "PRT",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 12767876.05644569,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 9451511.370639078,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 11217278.352355437,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 10648908.296480205,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 10633610.219023485,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 5.271815515802825,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 7.397129483878784,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -0.6959640181247839,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 23930973.52761516,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 45957739.49278044,
      "historical_peak_year": 2008,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 5.967779533927608,
      "trend_label": "Growing",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -8.2109,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 7.1904,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 27.781775599410004,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 6.266232444260247,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 52.600780320206006,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ITA",
      "supplier_count_latest": 31,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 3594.28,
      "distance_km": 500.9222717285156,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.532878938894041,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 68.60121507694365,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 730640,
      "corridor_rank": 92,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "GBR",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 10502224.295475261,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 3259642.990285874,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 14187555.786416275,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 10446401.409456039,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 7323663.2952828435,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 15.115383151192251,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 25.452385319796058,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 8.05932918741723,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 16511380.93814416,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 130268259.6115238,
      "historical_peak_year": 2023,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 7.056053963775021,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -25.84,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 5.2458,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 8.061997854883609,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -1.3377170437568697,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 30.14755914612791,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ITA",
      "supplier_count_latest": 49,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1471.18,
      "distance_km": 1263.3787841796875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 1.2744066018430993,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 97.99778079167186,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 730640,
    "num_markets": 125,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "FIN",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 449790.69767441857,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "GMB",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 84.81481481481481,
    "median_price_across_markets": 6761.333604391137,
    "price_spread_pct": 6651.141759482819,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 139.70188248337024,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 305106048
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 49985137.62368788,
      "active_destinations": 86,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 15.939633612707604
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 43397279.80012674,
      "active_destinations": 96,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -13.179633260505746
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 40155224.7188256,
      "active_destinations": 91,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -7.470641238881681
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 47930525.37439131,
      "active_destinations": 81,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 19.36311080316402
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 54728776.313527234,
      "active_destinations": 88,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 14.183551893149382
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 68814607.13279268,
      "active_destinations": 86,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 25.73752195475979
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 42142006.803218424,
      "active_destinations": 82,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -38.76008516346493
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 46913503.2836731,
      "active_destinations": 91,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 11.322423497141745
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 56689249.73407488,
      "active_destinations": 83,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 20.837809513586148
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 51128993.532752976,
      "active_destinations": 95,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -9.808307972683819
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 47577990.78552537,
      "active_destinations": 88,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -6.945184135011097
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 56617025.58955349,
      "active_destinations": 91,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 18.998353345299453
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 70034944.7327258,
      "active_destinations": 91,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 23.699442002562694
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 69599009.96300122,
      "active_destinations": 99,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -0.6224532215856449
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 69902605.86078249,
      "active_destinations": 91,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 0.43620720746266234
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}