{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/730459",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/730459",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/730459",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "730459",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 130,
    "current_lane_count": 68,
    "active_market_count": 68,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 65654238.67338264,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 58743474.45441376,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 114449243.46932824,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 96588512.65514101,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 76209321.99636453,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -6.467885084945923,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -1.866285622535513,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -3.2573807810756583,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 69976366.65221512,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 353110982.6319547,
    "historical_peak_year": 2008,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -3.2105043038702648,
    "trend_label": "Declining",
    "top_market_iso3": "USA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 27837295.64118072,
    "top_market_share_pct": 42.39984531640977,
    "destination_hhi": 1981.461038251744,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 15.534175696633772,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 3.0766456014852586,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.227817813922466,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 86.66659615499496,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 26.153846153846153,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 730459,
      "hs_description": "Steel, alloy (not stainless steel): (excluding cold-drawn or cold-rolled), tubes, pipes and hollow profiles of circular cross-section",
      "hs_chapter": 73,
      "hs_heading": 7304,
      "substitution_elasticity": -10.264972,
      "price_range_label": "High price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Steel, alloy (not stainless steel): (excluding cold-drawn or cold-rolled), tubes, pipes and hollow profiles of circular cross-section",
    "hs_chapter": 73,
    "hs_heading": 7304,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 730459,
        "corridor_rank": 13,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "USA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 27837295.64118072,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 14369136.708638174,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 64150845.53158035,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 45280090.41709544,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 25833414.479143575,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 8.092761594097176,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 28.893591931182616,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 12.366374281995052,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 99974285.22426003,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 186449898.30541345,
        "historical_peak_year": 2022,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -4.2736126878978755,
        "trend_label": "Growing",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -52.0234,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 16.7419,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 14.930174751601074,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -1.7030080838674042,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 17.67112186068486,
        "peer_top_exporter": "MEX",
        "supplier_count_latest": 45,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1223.69,
        "distance_km": 5770.26416015625,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 1.398680440671633,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 89.8016249858766,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 730459,
        "corridor_rank": 75,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "DEU",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 4708501.480892598,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 3271092.2974865446,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 7588092.126206453,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 6028883.599289459,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 4756691.237892909,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 19.09515821999397,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 4.982739563073846,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 3.7904816893895577,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 9390080.574214602,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 116564602.19366507,
        "historical_peak_year": 2022,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 15.30467653060441,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -8.9894,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 10.2406,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 48.2759,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 4.039392227384524,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -2.72655852322774,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 32.03506487965696,
        "peer_top_exporter": "AUT",
        "supplier_count_latest": 39,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1848.91,
        "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.672136413512202,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 84.53878389329084,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 730459,
        "corridor_rank": 82,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "ZAF",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 24,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 3971931.4127112203,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 367370.5946475666,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 2076056.1817770954,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1354850.012484811,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 816379.3523520443,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 156.1265991250854,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 33.28692157296243,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 46.08652451535418,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 3971931.4127112203,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 11230365.244065763,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 52.17391304347826,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 110.04007460973122,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 63.9705,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 22.626,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 45.8333,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 35.36778480833495,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 12.328850166900782,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 45.52769411089198,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 33,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3440.65,
        "distance_km": 8582.7822265625,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.0982419857610707,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.029297414191717164,
        "volatility_cv": 2.273857537119559,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.9371297619606,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','buyer_macro_weakness']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 730459,
        "corridor_rank": 95,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "MEX",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 3243494.5777327637,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1254251.597333203,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 4499669.118823874,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 3525740.0899186125,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 2661932.052156786,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.7477505460676843,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 50.12141221797381,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 9.664465111930355,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 6472367.611409082,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 43597142.59691789,
        "historical_peak_year": 2022,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -6.91671456586267,
        "trend_label": "Stable",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -40.7154,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 14.3768,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 7.439695320679259,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 2.2952697513075098,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 42.61492808131123,
        "peer_top_exporter": "USA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 46,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2549.23,
        "distance_km": 9073.951171875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.10968114655848483,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.13100950524598787,
        "volatility_cv": 1.1652761416497355,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 96.52377430585743,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 730459,
      "num_markets": 99,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "BFA",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 317500,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "ZWE",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 238.33333333333334,
      "median_price_across_markets": 3665.5282087411106,
      "price_spread_pct": 8655.27827367688,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 566.7059848024317,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 492040340
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 61511175.905672885,
        "active_destinations": 61,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -15.002399601523441
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 84388181.86636549,
        "active_destinations": 70,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 37.19162513780324
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 94759019.1828,
        "active_destinations": 71,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 12.289442771568936
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 77687514.81177844,
        "active_destinations": 66,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -18.015703959629263
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 81805257.57284923,
        "active_destinations": 74,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 5.300391924039878
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 72511366.31240475,
        "active_destinations": 75,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -11.360995046275699
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 41600012.49975621,
        "active_destinations": 73,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -42.629666746964105
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 52346621.726055674,
        "active_destinations": 70,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 25.8331874933029
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 48146788.45173482,
        "active_destinations": 72,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -8.023121905172301
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 64545867.69798894,
        "active_destinations": 72,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 34.0605879926831
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 67802615.6660273,
        "active_destinations": 69,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 5.045633569102707
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 71792217.20169297,
        "active_destinations": 81,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 5.8841410415744155
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 155090016.67269143,
        "active_destinations": 71,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 116.02622501124561
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 129514239.28087954,
        "active_destinations": 66,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -16.490924393791317
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 58743474.45441376,
        "active_destinations": 68,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -54.64323090605051
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "730459",
    "hs_description": "Steel, alloy (not stainless steel): (excluding cold-drawn or cold-rolled), tubes, pipes and hollow profiles of circular cross-section",
    "hs_chapter": 73,
    "hs_heading": 7304
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 730459,
      "corridor_rank": 13,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 27837295.64118072,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 14369136.708638174,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 64150845.53158035,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 45280090.41709544,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 25833414.479143575,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 8.092761594097176,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 28.893591931182616,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 12.366374281995052,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 99974285.22426003,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 186449898.30541345,
      "historical_peak_year": 2022,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -4.2736126878978755,
      "trend_label": "Growing",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -52.0234,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 16.7419,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 14.930174751601074,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -1.7030080838674042,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 17.67112186068486,
      "peer_top_exporter": "MEX",
      "supplier_count_latest": 45,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1223.69,
      "distance_km": 5770.26416015625,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 1.398680440671633,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 89.8016249858766,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 730459,
      "corridor_rank": 75,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 4708501.480892598,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 3271092.2974865446,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 7588092.126206453,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 6028883.599289459,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 4756691.237892909,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 19.09515821999397,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 4.982739563073846,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 3.7904816893895577,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 9390080.574214602,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 116564602.19366507,
      "historical_peak_year": 2022,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 15.30467653060441,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -8.9894,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 10.2406,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 48.2759,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 4.039392227384524,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -2.72655852322774,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 32.03506487965696,
      "peer_top_exporter": "AUT",
      "supplier_count_latest": 39,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1848.91,
      "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.672136413512202,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 84.53878389329084,
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      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
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